What is the Role of Resistance Training in Supporting Patients with Head and Neck Cancer Receiving Radiotherapy Treatment? A Systematic Review

Abstract

Purpose The aim of this review was to collect data on physical exercise programs in patients with HNC and to analyze the compliance with the Frecuency, Intensity, Time and Type (FITT) and progressive overload principles. Methods The search strategy identified 1318 articles through February 2022. After deduplication, title and abstract review, and full-text review, 15 studies met all the inclusion criteria. The inclusion criteria were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with interventions involving at least 10 patients, and the intervention protocol included, at least, programmed strength exercise. Results Physical exercise programs were performed only during and after treatment, with durations varying from 6 to 12 weeks. Only 5 studies (33.3%) detailed all the characteristics concerning FITT and progressive overload principles. In addition, 10 trials measured the changes in body composition and physical function. In contrast, 6 studies included nutritional recommendations or follow-up. Conclusion It has been proven that physical exercise programs may help people with head and neck cancer improve their body composition, strength, and quality of life. To examine the dose/response effects of physical activity more precisely, further information regarding FITT principles and the progression of the load undertaken in the treatments is required. Finally, it is necessary to investigate the optimal time to start a physical exercise program and its impact on survival.