Epilepsy is a chronic neurological condition characterized by unprovoked, recurrent seizures.
There are several types of epilepsy, and the cause of the condition can vary. Some cases of
epilepsy have a genetic component, while others may be caused by brain injuries, infections, or other
underlying conditions. Treatment for epilepsy typically involves anti-seizure medications
(ASMs), although different approaches, such as surgery or a special diet, may be considered in specific
cases. The treatment aims to effectively manage and potentially eliminate seizures while minimizing
any accompanying side effects. Many different ASMs are available, and the choice of medication
depends on several factors, including the type of seizures, the patient's age, general health,
and potential drug interactions. For the treatment of epilepsy, there have been significant advancements
in recent decades, which have led to the approval of many different ASMs. Newer ASMs offer
a broader range of mechanisms of action, improved tolerability profiles, and reduced drug interactions
compared to older drugs. This review aims to discuss the pharmacological characteristics,
clinical applications, effectiveness, and safety of ASMs, with a particular emphasis on various age
groups, especially children. Moreover, this review seeks to provide a comprehensive understanding
of ASM therapy for epilepsy management, assisting physicians in selecting suitable ASMs for their
patients.