What Is Transfer Factor?

Gottlieb, Allan; Foster, Lanny G.; Waldman, Stephen R.; Lopez, Manuel

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(73)90861-1

Cited by 54 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…This structure is not unique among the so far known soluble mediators pro duced by lymphocytes. Transfer factor [16] has been postulated to be a small molecule consisting of 12 aminoacids and 3 or 4 RNA bases [7], AIPF is found to be resistant to RNase.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anaphylactoid-Inflammation-Promoting Factor

Koltai¹,

Blazsó²,

Minker³

et al. 1975

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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The experiments reported here indicate that, when exposed to insulin, viable lymphocytes rapidly released into the incubation medium a factor capable of increasing the dextran-induced anaphylactoid reaction, but having no effect on the inflammatory response evoked by 5-HT. This pro-inflammatory factor was shown to be elaborated by cell suspensions derived from lymph nodes of rats, rabbits, pigs or calves as well as from human tonsils. Thymus cells showed no such activity. The pro-inflammatory factor was termed as anaphylactoid-inflammation-promoting factor (AIPF). Its production depended upon the dose of insulin, and the time of exposure. AIPF was found to have an elution pattern in Sephadex G-100 gels similar to that of BSA (67,000 daltons). The activity was abolished by heat or incubation with DNase or α-chymotrypsin, but was not influenced by RNase. AIPF by itself did not induce increased vascular permeability, and proved to be distinct from the permeability factors present in the lysate of lymph node cells.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anaphylactoid-Inflammation-Promoting Factor

Koltai¹,

Blazsó²,

Minker³

et al. 1975

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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“…Chromatograms of TF have been published by many investigators [2,5,6,14,33,44,46]. The results differ markedly and cannot be com pared, since in all instances different production procedures of TF and different techniques of chromatography have been applied (table III).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All other properties claimed for TF refer only to TF fractions with skin test conversion capacity, and not to all other known biological activities of TF. This activity is claimed to reside in a TF fraction which is resistant to desoxyribonuclease or ribonucléase, but is inactivated by pronase [39], and which might be a complex of oligopeptide and oligonucleic acid [9,14,22,33].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Transfer Factor Preparations : some Physico-Chemical and Biological Properties

Reymond¹,

Grob²

1975

Vox Sanguinis

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Some biological and physico-chemical properties were tested in 50 lots of transfer factor (TF). Each lot contained the extracts of a pool of 20 buffy coats, each originating from a 400 ml blood donation of a healthy individual. The optical densities at 260 and 280 nm were within a narrow range in all TF lots. The ratio 260/280 was 2.56-3.02. One unit TF (defined as the extract of two buffy coats (corresponding to 1-2 x 10^9 leucocytes) contained 36.58 ± 3.77 mg of peptides as measured by the Lowry method and 123.6 ± 4.5 mg ribose as estimated by the orcinol method. Cytotoxicity of TF lots was tested by measurement of chromium release of PHA-stimulated lymphocytes. Cytotoxicity was above 10% in 20 of 27 TF lots tested, most of which were produced by an Amicon ultrafiltration cell. Pyrogenicity was present in 8 of 42 TF lots produced by Amicon filters, but only in 1 of 8 lots produced by Sartorius filters. Sephadex G-10 chromatograms of TF gave characteristic patterns yielding 8 peaks. Sephadex G-25 chromatograms reproducibly showed 5 peaks. The distribution of osmotic activity, peptides and ribose in respect of the chromatographic fractions is given.

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“…As TFd activity is not altered by pancreatic RNase the RNA present must be either double stranded or in very small segments. By using density gradient centrifugation the ratio of peptides to RNA appears to be approximately 2:1 [27]. Its molecular weight has been estimated to lie between 700 and 5,000 [20,27], If a molecule weight of 2,000-4,000 is assumed then each molecule of TFD would contain about 12 amino acids and 3-4 RNA bases [27].…”

Section: Physico-chemical Properties Of Tfmentioning

confidence: 99%