What is value? Where does it come from? A philosophical perspective

Tappolet, Christine; Rossi, Mauro

doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198716600.003.0001

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The literature on values and identities is vast and contested, so here, I will not attempt a summary or even an unbiased account of these disciplinary perspectives (see, e.g., Brosch and Sanders 2016 , for a broad review of value perspectives). Instead, I ground my contribution in a transdisciplinary perspective of values and identities resonant with conceptual insights and empirical analyses from diverse fields, for example: sustainability science (Kenter et al 2019 ); environmental science (Dietz et al 2005 , Dietz 2013 ); political science (Fukuyama 2018 ); evolutionary biology (Graham et al 2013 ); ecological economics (Kenter 2016 ; Kenter et al 2015 , 2016 ); social psychology (Schwartz 1992 , 1994 ; Turner et al 1994 ; Tsirogianni and Gaskell 2011 ); sociology (Hitlin and Piliavin 2004 ) ; anthropology (Graeber 2001 ); geography (Cheng et al 2003 ); and philosophy (Tappolet and Rossi 2016 ). My analysis seeks to identify general characteristics of values and identities, rather than to adopt a static characterization of specific value or identity types that lack universal consensus and flexibility.…”

Section: Ethical Contextualization Of Global Seafood Governancementioning

confidence: 99%

Ethical reflections on the COVID-19 pandemic in the global seafood industry: navigating diverse scales and contexts of marine values and identities

Lam

2021

Maritime Studies

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The global crisis instantiated by the COVID-19 pandemic opens a unique governance window to transform the sustainability, resilience, and ethics of the global seafood industry. Simultaneously crippling public health, civil liberties, and national economies, the global pandemic has exposed the diverse values and identities of actors upon which global food systems pivot, as well as their interconnectivity with other economic sectors and spheres of human activity. In the wake of COVID-19, ethics offers a timely conceptual reframing and methodological approach to navigate these diverse values and identities and to reconcile their ensuing policy trade-offs and conflicts. Values and identities denote complex concepts and realities, characterized by plurality, fluidity and dynamics, ambiguity, and implicitness, which often hamper responsive policy-setting and effective governance. Rather than adopt a static characterization of specific value or identity types, I introduce a novel hierarchical conceptualization of values and identities made salient by scale and context. I illustrate how salient values and identities emerge at multiple scales through three seafood COVID-19 contextual examples in India, Canada, and New Zealand, where diverse seafood actors interact within local, domestic (regional/national), and global seafood value chains, respectively. These examples highlight the differential values and identities, and hence differential vulnerabilities, resilience, and impacts on seafood actors with the COVID-19 pandemic, which necessitate differentiated policy interventions if they are to be responsive to those affected. An ethical governance framework that integrates diverse marine values and identities, buttressed by concrete deliberation and decision-support protocols and tools, can transform the modus operandi of global seafood systems toward both sustainable and ethical development.

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Section: Ethical Contextualization Of Global Seafood Governancementioning

confidence: 99%

Ethical reflections on the COVID-19 pandemic in the global seafood industry: navigating diverse scales and contexts of marine values and identities

Lam

2021

Maritime Studies

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“…However, since MacIntyre wrote, a wide array of philosophers have questioned the unargued premise at the heart of his critique, namely, that emotions such as anger or indignation can never serve as rational foundations for our values (D'Arms and Jacobson 2000; Nussbaum 2003; Tappolet and Rossi 2015). Moreover, it is just not at all clear that unmasking is essentially tied to the nature of moral judgment; a rationalist culture where moral judgments are the result of calm, rational reflection must also be constantly on guard against what they will call “irrational” influences; Plato, an arch‐rationalist inhabiting what is allegedly a pre‐emotivist culture, built an entire moral philosophy around the imperative to guard against such influences.…”

Section: Macintyre and Rini On Debunkingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A moral critique of psychological debunking

Smyth

2021

Journal of Social Philosophy

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Posing questions with a hammer and, perhaps, hearing in reply that famous hollow sound that indicates bloated intestines… what a pleasure for me, an old psychologist and pied piper; in my presence, the very things that want to keep quiet are made to speak out.-Nietzsche, "How To Philosophize With a Hammer" I suppose it is tempting, if the only tool you have is a hammer, to treat everything as if it were a nail.-Abraham Maslow Suppose I am sincerely advising a friend on how to pursue her career in our organization. I encourage her to be mild, kind, and to seem unambitious around her superiors. A third party overhears our conversation and says to me: "You're only saying those things because you're afraid she'll get the positions you want." This is a paradigmatic case of a psychological debunking: a speech-act which expresses the proposition that a person's beliefs, intentions, or utterances are caused by hidden and suspect psychological forces. 1 On the face of it, it can seem as if this third-party has done both my friend and I a service by offering a psychological debunking of my utterances. But has he? In this paper, I wish to shed some light on some generally unacknowledged dangers involved in this activity. Of course, psychological debunking is not intrinsically suspect or confused; the origins of our mental states and activities matter to us, and they should matter to us. However, the activity of debunking is hazardous from a moral and social point of view, and this is something that ought to concern us far more than it does. A great deal of work has been done on the conceptual and normative status of debunking arguments (

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“…Schwartz (2016) further states that what distinguishes one value from another is the type of goal or motivation that it expresses. Third, values are normative as they express moral sentiments about what is deemed "good" (Tappolet and Rossi 2016). They reflect both our ideals and oughts and serve as standards by which we assess our actions and those of others, as well as situations as a whole (Higgins 2016, Hitlin andPiliavin 2004).…”

Section: Values As Complex Cognitive Resourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Values to Value: Value Rationality and the Creation of Great Strategies

Rindova

Martins

2018

Strategy Science

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This paper proposes that strategies with superior value-creation and valuecapture potential-that is, great strategies-can originate in the personal values of strategists. We root our argument in Max Weber's idea of value-rational action as an innate human capacity expressed in value rationality, which refers to actions that derive their logic with reference to a value system. We build on psychological research on personal values to propose that values are complex cognitive resources, distinct from mental representations, beliefs, ideologies, identities, and emotions, that, when deployed in strategy making, affect the attributes of the strategies created. We specify how values affect the value-creation and value-capture potential of firms' strategies by theorizing four distinct functions of values in strategy making: as attentional structures, as valuation lenses, as design principles, and as identity markers. As attentional structures, values direct strategists' attention to specific issues and often unconventional solutions; as valuation lenses, they change the evaluation of relevant markets and resources; as design principles, they influence the prioritization and integration of activities; and as identity markers, they facilitate audience engagement and mobilization. Our theory offers a new basis for understanding the sources of novel strategies and pathways to superior value creation by firms.

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What is value? Where does it come from? A philosophical perspective

Cited by 6 publications

References 35 publications

Ethical reflections on the COVID-19 pandemic in the global seafood industry: navigating diverse scales and contexts of marine values and identities

Ethical reflections on the COVID-19 pandemic in the global seafood industry: navigating diverse scales and contexts of marine values and identities

A moral critique of psychological debunking

From Values to Value: Value Rationality and the Creation of Great Strategies

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