This article describes the development and particulars of a new, comprehensive model of nursing home culture change, the Nursing Home Integrated Model for Producing and Assessing Cultural Transformation (Nursing Home IMPACT). This model is structured into four categories, "meta constructs," "care practices," "workplace practices," and "environment of care," with multiple domains under each. It includes detailed, triangulated assessment methods capturing various stakeholder perspectives for each of the model's domains. It is hoped that this model will serve two functions: first, to help practitioners guide improvements in resident care by identifying particular areas in which culture change is having positive effects, as well as areas that could benefit from modification; and second, to emphasize the importance in culture change of the innumerable perspectives of residents, family members, staff, management, and leadership.
KeywordsCulture change; Individualized care; Nursing homes; Quality of care
The case for a comprehensive modelOver the past decade, a growing number of nursing homes have adopted resident-centered care paradigms under the "culture change" rubric. 1,2 The ultimate vision of culture change is to improve resident and staff lives by centering facilities' philosophies, organizational
Supplementary materialSupplementary material associated with this article can be found, in the online version, at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gerinurse. 2013.05.008.
U.S. Department of Veterans AffairsPublic Access Author manuscript
VA Author ManuscriptVA Author Manuscript VA Author Manuscript structures, environmental designs, and care and workplace practices around residents' needs and preferences. 1,3 Culture change efforts of varying designs have been implemented, and numerous models of culture change have been developed. 4,5 But there is a need for rigorous culture change process and resident outcomes evaluation with the continuing expansion of the movement. 5,6 However, culture change interventions cannot be adequately evaluated for their impact on specific resident populations and staff, improvements to interventions cannot be directed, and a clear understanding of what works when and how cannot be reached without a clear and specific conceptual framework to guide culture change assessment at the resident, facility, community, and national levels.The numerous culture change models that currently exist lack the specificity to aid in outcomes evaluation. In the US, practitioners and researchers have access to information about Well-spring, Eden Alternative, Household (i.e., Action Pact), and Green House models of care, as well as theoretical models such as the Holistic Approach to Transformational Change (HATCh) for example. [7][8][9][10][11][12] Each of these models outlines general principles of culture change. Some, such as the Household and Green House models, have the basic frameworks available publicly but require contracting with a parent organization to receive comprehensive training. All have be...