What Motivates Successful Marathon Runners? The Role of Sex, Age, Education, and Training Experience in Polish Runners

Waśkiewicz, Zbigniew; Nikolaidis, Pantelis Theodoros; Gerasimuk, Dagmara; Borysiuk, Zbigniew; Rosemann, Thomas; Knechtle, Beat

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01671

Cited by 50 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The aim of this research was to describe why athletes decide to take part in a marathon, i.e., runners’ reasons for participation, focusing on some characteristics of participants, such as their age, sex, and marital status, with some of these variables being previously analyzed in other endurance races ( Nikolaidis et al, 2019 ; Waśkiewicz et al, 2019b ) and in other social contexts ( Buning and Walker, 2016 ; Malchrowicz-Mośko et al, 2019 ; Parra-Camacho et al, 2019 ). The main findings showed that some of the variables analyzed, namely, sex and age, influence the reasons for participation by amateur athletes, while marital status did not evidence any such association.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This constitutes an attempt to describe whether the reasons for a person taking part in an endurance event depend on athletes’ sex and age. Other variables such as years’ experience running ( Ogles and Masters, 2003 ; Malchrowicz-Mośko et al, 2020 ) or training experience ( Waśkiewicz et al, 2019b ) and athletes’ performance ( Ferrer et al, 2015 ; Nikolaidis et al, 2019 ) have also been associated with athletes’ motivations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reviewing the literature on the subject showed that most previous research has focused on other countries ( Ogles and Masters, 1995 , 2003 ; Rundio et al, 2014 ; Nikolaidis et al, 2019 ) rather than specifically on the Polish social context, even though marathoners’ motivational characteristics were analyzed in Poland over 10 years ago ( Waśkiewicz et al, 2019b ). With this research, we attempt to provide up-to-date information about athletes’ reasons for participating in marathons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Do Sex, Age, and Marital Status Influence the Motivations of Amateur Marathon Runners? The Poznan Marathon Case Study

et al. 2020

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The purpose of this research was to describe reasons for participating in a marathon and their association with marital status, age, and sex. Four hundred and ninety-three runners in total, 144 of whom were women and 349 of whom were men, completed the Polish version of the Motivations of Marathoners Scale (MOMS), containing nine dimensions, which was released through an online survey at the Poznan Marathon in Poland (2019). Athletes’ age (ranges 19–25, 26–35, 36–50, 51–70 years) and marital status (single, married, divorced) were asked of the participants. The results showed that statistical significant associations were found between athletes’ motivational aspects and athletes’ sex and age. To this end, three MOMS dimensions were statistically associated with athletes’ sex, a further three dimensions were different age-wise, and, lastly, marital status did not show differences in any of the dimensions. Moreover, statistical differences were not found in the multivariate analysis comparing marital status, sex, and age range according to MOMS. Recreational runners’ reasons for participating in a marathon are different depending on certain sociodemographic variables; therefore, these characteristics should be considered when addressing different athletes in order to provide them with the most suitable information for taking part in such events.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Do Sex, Age, and Marital Status Influence the Motivations of Amateur Marathon Runners? The Poznan Marathon Case Study

et al. 2020

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“…For marathoners, for example, elite marathoners from Kenya [44] and Ethiopia [45] run for money to support their families. In contrast, marathon runners from Poland [46] and Greece [47] were not running to earn money.…”

Section: The Aspect Of Nationalitymentioning

confidence: 94%

Participation and Performance Trends in the Oldest 100-km Ultramarathon in the World

Knechtle

Scheer

Nikolaidis³

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Participation and performance trends in ultramarathon running have been investigated for large datasets and long period of times with an increase in participants and an improvement in performance. However, the analysis of ultramarathons across many decades is missing. We analyzed these trends for 96,036 athletes (88,286 men and 7750 women) from 67 countries competing between 1956 and 2019 in ‘100 km Lauf Biel’ in Switzerland, the oldest 100-km ultramarathon in the world. More men than women participated in all years. The number of male participants reached a peak at around 1985 and a decline in participation occurred thereafter. Women started competing in 1962. Men were always faster than women and both women and men reduced their race times over years. After about 1985, both overall women and men and both female and male winners were not able to improve race times. For men, athletes from all age groups below the age of 49 years old reached a peak of participation in the 1980s, and showed a decrease since then. Regarding age groups, the decrease first started in age group 20–29 years, followed by 30–39, 40–49, 50–59, and 60–69 years. For athletes in age groups 70–79 and 80–89 years, no decrease occurred. For women, age group athletes in age groups 40–49, 50–59, and 60–69 years increased their participation, whereas age groups 20–29 and 30–39 peaked in the late 1980s and started to decrease or stabilize, respectively. Switzerland, Germany, and France were the countries with the highest numbers of participants throughout the history of the race. In men, race times increased after about 1990 for most nationalities; only runners from Germany seemed to stabilize their performance. In women, runners from Italy, France, and Austria improved their performance over the years. In summary, the analysis of the oldest 100-km ultramarathon in the world showed a decrease in participation and an impairment in performance in the last 60 years. These changes were due to a decrease in the number of male ultramarathoners in around the 1980s, where mainly the number of age group runners younger than 70 years decreased.

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“…For example, motivation differs between female and male marathon runners [22]. It has been shown that female marathon finishers exceeded men on the motivational scales for body weight concern, affiliation, psychological coping, life meaning, and self-esteem, and they scored lower on competitive motivation [23]. Future studies might investigate the motivation of female and male tower runners by age group and performance level.…”

Section: Sex Difference In Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Tower Running—Participation, Performance Trends, and Sex Difference

Stark

Gangi

Sousa

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Though there are exhaustive data about participation, performance trends, and sex differences in performance in different running disciplines and races, no study has analyzed these trends in stair climbing and tower running. The aim of the present study was therefore to investigate these trends in tower running. The data, consisting of 28,203 observations from 24,007 climbers between 2014 and 2019, were analyzed. The effects of sex and age, together with the tower characteristics (i.e., stairs and floors), were examined through a multivariable statistical model with random effects on intercept, at climber’s level, accounting for repeated measurements. Men were faster than women in each age group (p < 0.001 for ages ≤69 years, p = 0.003 for ages > 69 years), and the difference in performance stayed around 0.20 km/h, with a minimum of 0.17 at the oldest age. However, women were able to outperform men in specific situations: (i) in smaller buildings (<600 stairs), for ages between 30 and 59 years and >69 years; (ii) in higher buildings (>2200 stairs), for age groups <20 years and 60–69 years; and (iii) in buildings with 1600–2200 stairs, for ages >69 years. In summary, men were faster than women in this specific running discipline; however, women were able to outperform men in very specific situations (i.e., specific age groups and specific numbers of stairs).

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What Motivates Successful Marathon Runners? The Role of Sex, Age, Education, and Training Experience in Polish Runners

Cited by 50 publications

References 43 publications

Do Sex, Age, and Marital Status Influence the Motivations of Amateur Marathon Runners? The Poznan Marathon Case Study

Do Sex, Age, and Marital Status Influence the Motivations of Amateur Marathon Runners? The Poznan Marathon Case Study

Participation and Performance Trends in the Oldest 100-km Ultramarathon in the World

Tower Running—Participation, Performance Trends, and Sex Difference

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