What Moves the Heavens Above?

Abstract

The large scale structures observed in cosmic maps correspond to super-horizon (causally disconnected) perturbations in the early Universe that are usually attributed to scale invariant adiabatic modes from cosmic Inflation. Here, we interpret discrepant measurements of the expansion rate H 0 (the so called Hubble tension) as super-horizon perturbations and show that they are neither adiabatic nor scale invariant. We argue that these measurements indicate that cosmic expansion originates from gravitational collapse and bounce, rather than from a singular Big Bang. This explains the observed cosmic acceleration and large scale structure without the need of Dark Energy or Inflation.