What next for covid-19 vaccines?: Video 1

Looi, Mun-Keat; Mahase, Elisabeth

doi:10.1136/bmj.o2422

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 5 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…There is thus substantial impetus to accelerate the development of mucosal vaccines 41 and/or universal sarbecovirus vaccines 42 capable of inducing broad, durable immunity against different variants of SARS-CoV-2 (refs. 43 , 44 ) to break the chain of transmission and limit the absolute burden of severe disease and long-term sequelae (long covid) 45 from high-levels of breakthrough COVID-19 infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-world COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against the Omicron BA.2 variant in a SARS-CoV-2 infection-naive population

Lau

Cheng

Leung

et al. 2023

Nat Med

132

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant has demonstrated enhanced transmissibility and escape of vaccine-derived immunity. Although first-generation vaccines remain effective against severe disease and death, robust evidence on vaccine effectiveness (VE) against all Omicron infections, irrespective of symptoms, remains sparse. We used a community-wide serosurvey with 5,310 subjects to estimate how vaccination histories modulated risk of infection in infection-naive Hong Kong during a large wave of Omicron BA.2 epidemic in January–July 2022. We estimated that Omicron infected 45% (41–48%) of the local population. Three and four doses of BNT162b2 or CoronaVac were effective against Omicron infection 7 days after vaccination (VE of 48% (95% credible interval 34–64%) and 69% (46–98%) for three and four doses of BNT162b2, respectively; VE of 30% (1–66%) and 56% (6–97%) for three and four doses of CoronaVac, respectively). At 100 days after immunization, VE waned to 26% (7–41%) and 35% (10–71%) for three and four doses of BNT162b2, and to 6% (0–29%) and 11% (0–54%) for three and four doses of CoronaVac. The rapid waning of VE against infection conferred by first-generation vaccines and an increasingly complex viral evolutionary landscape highlight the necessity for rapidly deploying updated vaccines followed by vigilant monitoring of VE.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-world COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against the Omicron BA.2 variant in a SARS-CoV-2 infection-naive population

Lau

Cheng

Leung

et al. 2023

Nat Med

132

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A number of these groups such as older people, people with various pre-existing conditions including severe asthma and chronic kidney disease, and those who are deprived are also at a higher risk of dying from COVID-19 in the UK 47,48 . Enhancing access to health and care services, support and guidance for these groups would simultaneously address their vulnerability to extreme weather and a future coronavirus-type outbreak, which is still a priority disease with pandemic potential according to the WHO, along with Zika, haemorrhagic fevers, in uenza, and "disease X" (an unexpected new disease) 49 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compound mortality impacts from extreme temperatures and pandemics

Lo,

Mitchell,

Gasparrini

2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Climate change and coronavirus-type pandemics are both major global health threats. Until now, no study has quantified the compound health consequences of the co-occurrence of these crises. We estimate the mortality attributable to short-term heat and cold events, which dominate the UK health burden from weather hazards, in England and Wales in the period 2020-2022, during which the COVID-19 pandemic peaked in terms of mortality. We show that temperature-related mortality exceeded COVID-19 mortality by 8% in South West England. Combined, extreme temperatures and COVID-19 led to 19 (in North West England) to 24 (in Wales) excess deaths per 100,000 population during heatwaves, and 80 (in Yorkshire and the Humber) to 127 (in East of England) excess deaths per 100,000 population during cold snaps. These numbers are at least ~2 times higher than the previous decade. Society must increase preparedness for compound health crises such as extreme weather coinciding with pandemics.

show abstract

“…The tension is also evident in regulatory processes. For example, there has been significant discussion of vaccines that induce mucosal immunity [ 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 ]. By reducing viral replication on mucosal surfaces at the site of viral entry, such vaccines would contribute to a more rounded immune response, deploying all branches of the immune system (antibodies, cellular, and mucosa), and might be more variant proof [ 40 ].…”

Section: Tensions Between Commercial and Economic Interests And Scien...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Future of Epidemic and Pandemic Vaccines to Serve Global Public Health Needs

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This Review initiates a wide-ranging discussion over 2023 by selecting and exploring core themes to be investigated more deeply in papers submitted to the Vaccines Special Issue on the “Future of Epidemic and Pandemic Vaccines to Serve Global Public Health Needs”. To tackle the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, an acceleration of vaccine development across different technology platforms resulted in the emergency use authorization of multiple vaccines in less than a year. Despite this record speed, many limitations surfaced including unequal access to products and technologies, regulatory hurdles, restrictions on the flow of intellectual property needed to develop and manufacture vaccines, clinical trials challenges, development of vaccines that did not curtail or prevent transmission, unsustainable strategies for dealing with variants, and the distorted allocation of funding to favour dominant companies in affluent countries. Key to future epidemic and pandemic responses will be sustainable, global-public-health-driven vaccine development and manufacturing based on equitable access to platform technologies, decentralised and localised innovation, and multiple developers and manufacturers, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). There is talk of flexible, modular pandemic preparedness, of technology access pools based on non-exclusive global licensing agreements in exchange for fair compensation, of WHO-supported vaccine technology transfer hubs and spokes, and of the creation of vaccine prototypes ready for phase I/II trials, etc. However, all these concepts face extraordinary challenges shaped by current commercial incentives, the unwillingness of pharmaceutical companies and governments to share intellectual property and know-how, the precariousness of building capacity based solely on COVID-19 vaccines, the focus on large-scale manufacturing capacity rather than small-scale rapid-response innovation to stop outbreaks when and where they occur, and the inability of many resource-limited countries to afford next-generation vaccines for their national vaccine programmes. Once the current high subsidies are gone and interest has waned, sustaining vaccine innovation and manufacturing capability in interpandemic periods will require equitable access to vaccine innovation and manufacturing capabilities in all regions of the world based on many vaccines, not just “pandemic vaccines”. Public and philanthropic investments will need to leverage enforceable commitments to share vaccines and critical technology so that countries everywhere can establish and scale up vaccine development and manufacturing capability. This will only happen if we question all prior assumptions and learn the lessons offered by the current pandemic. We invite submissions to the special issue, which we hope will help guide the world towards a global vaccine research, development, and manufacturing ecosystem that better balances and integrates scientific, clinical trial, regulatory, and commercial interests and puts global public health needs first.

show abstract

What next for covid-19 vaccines?: Video 1

Cited by 10 publications

References 5 publications

Real-world COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against the Omicron BA.2 variant in a SARS-CoV-2 infection-naive population

Real-world COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against the Omicron BA.2 variant in a SARS-CoV-2 infection-naive population

Compound mortality impacts from extreme temperatures and pandemics

The Future of Epidemic and Pandemic Vaccines to Serve Global Public Health Needs

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About