What predicts weight regain in a group of successful weight losers?

McGuire, Megan; Wing, Rena R.; Klem, Mary Lou; Lang, Wei; Hill, James O.

doi:10.1037/0022-006x.67.2.177

Cited by 362 publications

(323 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Self-reported weight has been used in other follow-up weight loss maintenance studies and is generally believed to provide an adequate estimate of measured weight. 19,20 In addition to current weight, the survey assessed frequency of 14 weight control behaviors and 8 barriers (Tables 4 and 5). The weight control behaviors were selected based on the strategies that participants were exposed to in the treatment program and were supported by the existing literature on weight loss maintenance.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…17 University programs have often been described as ideal to the extent that they select participants free from major disease complications and have trained personnel with formal structure and payment for participants. At the same time, obese people who seek treatment in university-based programs tend to have higher rates of disordered eating and psychopathology 18 and numerous previous failed weight loss attempts, 19 thus they may represent a group that is more predisposed to weight regain. Although many universitybased weight control programs have expanded to include long-term weight maintenance phases lasting a year or longer, little is known about how participants in these programs fare after contact with the intervention team ends.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Weight maintenance, behaviors and barriers among previous participants of a university-based weight control program

et al. 2007

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Objective: To examine weight loss maintenance among previous participants of a university-based behavioral weight management program and to compare behavioral strategies and perceived barriers between successful and unsuccessful maintainers. Method: Previous program participants (n ¼ 179) completed mailed surveys assessing current weight, weight control behaviors and perceived barriers to weight loss maintenance. Results: At 14.1 ± 10.8 months following completion of treatment, survey respondents were on average 12.6 ± 12.6 kg, or 11.3±10.7%, below baseline weight; 76.5% of respondents had successfully maintained weight, defined as maintaining a weight loss of at least 5% below baseline. Compared to unsuccessful maintainers, successful maintainers reported practicing four dietary and three physical activity weight control strategies more often and experiencing five barriers to healthy eating and exercise less often. After accounting for time since treatment and maximum weight loss while in treatment, the strongest correlates of successful weight loss maintenance were frequent exercise and perceived difficulty of weight management. Conclusions: Clinically meaningful weight loss maintenance was achieved by the majority of participants. Findings support the literature indicating that physical activity is one of the strongest predictors of successful weight loss maintenance. Findings also suggest that strategies to reduce the level of perceived effort required for long-term weight control may improve maintenance outcomes.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weight maintenance, behaviors and barriers among previous participants of a university-based weight control program

et al. 2007

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“…In studies of weight maintenance after weight loss, [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] weight loss was most often defined as losing 5 or 10% of body weight (Table 1). In some studies, weight maintenance was defined with reference to initial weight 10,11,[15][16][17] while other studies referred to the weight after weight loss.…”

Section: Precedents Set In Published Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In some studies, weight maintenance was defined with reference to initial weight 10,11,[15][16][17] while other studies referred to the weight after weight loss. [8][9][10][12][13][14] Several authors cited the Institute of Medicine Guidelines 7 or the NHLBI Clinical Guidelines 2 as the justification for their definition of weight loss maintenance. One well-known study of weight maintenance following weight loss, the National Weight Loss Registry Study, defined weight loss as losing at least 10% of body weight, and weight loss maintenance as maintaining a loss of at least 10% for 1 year.…”

Section: Precedents Set In Published Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

The definition of weight maintenance

et al. 2005

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There is currently no consensus on the definition of weight maintenance in adults. Issues to consider in setting a standard definition include expert opinion, precedents set in previous studies, public health and clinical applications, comparability across body sizes, measurement error, normal weight fluctuations and biologic relevance. To be useful, this definition should indicate an amount of change less than is clinically relevant, but more than expected from measurement error or fluctuations in fluid balance under normal conditions. It is an advantage for the definition to be graded by body size and to be easily understood by the public as well as scientists. Taking all these factors into consideration, the authors recommend that long-term weight maintenance in adults be defined as a weight change of o3% of body weight.

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“…Subjects known to be prone to obesity, compared to their lean counterparts, exhibit a stronger preference for fat, faster initial weight gain on a fat-rich diet, and reduced resting metabolic rate, along with a decrease in basal or diet-induced fat oxidation. [19][20][21][22] Building on this evidence in mature subjects, the present study questioned whether specific measures in prepubertal animals are sufficiently sensitive and stable to predict adult patterns of food intake and body weight. The discovery of a well-defined biomarker before puberty in an outbred strain could provide a unique window into a dynamic period of development and body fat accrual when distinct phenotypes of OP or OR subjects may be expressed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weight gain model in prepubertal rats: prediction and phenotyping of obesity-prone animals at normal body weight

et al. 2007

Int J Obes

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Objective: Male Sprague-Dawley rats maintained from birth on a high-fat diet were examined to determine whether a specific measure before puberty can identify and allow one to characterize prepubertal rats at normal weight with high vs low risk for adult obesity. Materials and methods: Measures from weaning (day 21) to around puberty (day 45) were taken of weight gain, absolute body weight and daily energy intake on a high-fat diet and related to the amount of body fat accumulated at maturity (80-100 days of age). Rats identified by a specific prepubertal measure as obesity-prone (OP) vs obesity-resistant (OR) were then characterized before and after puberty. Results: Prepubertal weight gain from days 30 to 35 of age was the strongest and earliest positive correlate of ultimate body fat accrual in adult rats. The highest (8-10 g/day) compared to lowest (5-7 g/day) weight-gain scores identified accurately and reproducibly distinct OP and OR subgroups at day 35 that became obese or remained lean, respectively, as adults. The OP rats with rapid prepubertal weight gain and 50% greater adiposity at maturity (day 100) exhibited the expected phenotype of already-obese rats. These included elevated levels of leptin, insulin, triglycerides and glucose, increased galanin (GAL) peptide levels in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and reduced neuropeptide Y (NPY) levels in the arcuate nucleus (ARC). Before puberty (day 35), the OP rats with normal fat pad weights, energy intake and endocrine profile similar to OR rats exhibited these disturbances characteristic of obese rats. They had decreased capacity for fat oxidation in muscle, increased GAL expression in PVN and reduced expression of NPY and agouti-related protein in ARC. Conclusion: Prepubertal weight gain can identify OP rats on day 35 when they have minimal body fat but exhibit specific metabolic and neurochemical disturbances expected to promote obesity and characteristics of already-obese adult rats.

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What predicts weight regain in a group of successful weight losers?

Cited by 362 publications

References 49 publications

Weight maintenance, behaviors and barriers among previous participants of a university-based weight control program

Weight maintenance, behaviors and barriers among previous participants of a university-based weight control program

The definition of weight maintenance

Weight gain model in prepubertal rats: prediction and phenotyping of obesity-prone animals at normal body weight

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