What psychological process mediates feeding evoked by electrical stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus?

Berridge, Kent; Valenstein, Elliot S.

doi:10.1037/0735-7044.105.1.3

Cited by 257 publications

(135 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…(Hoebel 1988;Valenstein et al 1970). However, the same electrodes that make rats 'want' to eat food more voraciously still fail to make rats 'like' food more hedonically (Berridge and Valenstein 1991).…”

Section: Dopamine-beyond Learning Too?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Affective neuroscience of pleasure: reward in humans and animals

2008

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Introduction Pleasure and reward are generated by brain circuits that are largely shared between humans and other animals. Discussion Here, we survey some fundamental topics regarding pleasure mechanisms and explicitly compare humans and animals. Conclusion Topics surveyed include liking, wanting, and learning components of reward; brain coding versus brain causing of reward; subjective pleasure versus objective hedonic reactions; roles of orbitofrontal cortex and related cortex regions; subcortical hedonic hotspots for pleasure generation; reappraisals of dopamine and pleasure-electrode controversies; and the relation of pleasure to happiness.

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Section: Dopamine-beyond Learning Too?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Affective neuroscience of pleasure: reward in humans and animals

2008

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“…This suggests the possibility of behaviorally-coded outputs. An electrode site that elicits feeding can, depending on stimuli available in the environment, be made to elicit other behaviors, or it may even elicit oral signs of aversion [47]. Indeed, some electrodes support both ICSS and stimulation-escape, with the animal's choice of two levers shifting from approach to escape as a function of increased satiety, increasing body weight, insulin-induced satiety, or appetite-suppressant drugs [48,49].…”

Section: Hypothalamic Self-stimulation (Icss) and Stimulation-escapementioning

confidence: 99%

Accumbens dopamine-acetylcholine balance in approach and avoidance

Hoebel

Avena

Rada

2007

Current Opinion in Pharmacology

154

117

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SummaryUnderstanding systems for approach and avoidance is basic for behavioral neuroscience. Research on the neural organization and functions of the dorsal striatum in movement disorders, such as Huntington's and Parkinson's Disease, can inform the study of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) in motivational disorders, such as addiction and depression. We propose opposing roles for dopamine (DA) and acetylcholine (ACh) in the NAc in the control of GABA output systems for approach and avoidance. Contrary to DA, which fosters approach, ACh release is a correlate or cause of meal satiation, conditioned taste aversion and aversive brain stimulation. ACh may also counteract excessive DA-mediated approach behavior as revealed during withdrawal from drugs of abuse or sugar, when the animal enters an ACh-mediated state of anxiety and behavioral depression. This review summarizes evidence that ACh is important in the inhibition of behavior when extracellular DA is high and the generation of an anxious or depressed state when DA is relatively low.

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“…Such failures to induce alliesthesia after 24 h food deprivation imply that the appetite evoked by "moderate" fasts is mediated in a way that does not depend upon the direct hedonic enhancement of taste. In a similar phenomenon, feeding elicited by electrical stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus has been argued to be mediated by the activation of a non-hedonic "incentive attribution" component of appetite (Berridge & Valenstein, 1991). Mild food deprivation might also activate an "incentive attribution" component of appetite, which evokes feeding without enhancing taste affect.…”

Section: Appetite Without Affectmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the desire to eat is controlled by many factors besides taste affect, a specific measure of taste affect cannot be validated simply by whether it predicts subsequent intake. The propensity to ingest is not identical to taste affect (see Berridge & Valenstein, 1991). Even shortexposure preference tests or sham-feeding measures more directly assess the propensity to ingest a particular taste than they do the pleasure or aversion produced once the taste is ingested.…”

Section: Affective Reaction Without Introspectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, without altering hedonic reactions, the propensity to ingest can be increased by electrical stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus (Berridge & Valenstein, 1991) or reduced by depletion of brain dopamine projections (Berridge et al, 1989). In both cases, taste-elicited reactions remain sensitive to factors that normally influence palatability.…”

Section: Affective Reaction Without Introspectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modulation of taste affect by hunger, caloric satiety, and sensory-specific satiety in the rat

1991

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Human judgements of the pleasure of sweetness have been reported to be modulated by caloric hunger, satiety, and sensory-specific satiety. This study examined both hedonic and aversive facial/somatic reactions to taste in the rat, in order to confirm the relation of hunger and satiety to taste affect, and to assess whether affective modulation depends upon the cognitive factors that mediate human self-interpretation of affect.In the first experiment, the affective reactions of rats to sweet, bittersweet, and water tastes were assessed in five states of caloric hunger or satiety. Caloric satiety reduced positive hedonic reactions below normal levels. Conversely, 48-h food deprivation (but not 24-h deprivation) increased hedonic reactivity. Hedonic enhancement by hunger was not restricted to sweet tastes, but also extended to the palatability of water. Only the hedonic reactions to taste were changed by hunger or satiety: taste aversion was not altered.The second experiment compared the magnitude of affective change during sensory-specific satiety and caloric satiety. Taste-reactivity elicited by sucrose solution or milk was assessed after satiating meals of each of those foods. Sensoryspecific satiety further reduced hedonic reactions below the level achieved by caloric satiety alone. Both for caloric satiety and for sensory-specific satiety changes in affect were restricted to positive hedonic reactions: no increase in aversion accompanied the hedonic decrements.These results confirm that taste affect is modulated during caloric hunger, caloric satiety, and sensory-specific satiety. In addition they indicate that the modulation of taste affect by hunger and satiety is confined to the positive limb of the two dimensions (hedonic vs. aversive) of palatability.

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What psychological process mediates feeding evoked by electrical stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus?

Cited by 257 publications

References 81 publications

Affective neuroscience of pleasure: reward in humans and animals

Affective neuroscience of pleasure: reward in humans and animals

Accumbens dopamine-acetylcholine balance in approach and avoidance

Modulation of taste affect by hunger, caloric satiety, and sensory-specific satiety in the rat

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