What Reduces Sexual Minority Stress? A Review of the Intervention “Toolkit”

Chaudoir, Stephenie R.; Wang, Katie; Pachankis, John E.

doi:10.1111/josi.12233

Cited by 210 publications

(158 citation statements)

References 98 publications

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“…This work may have implications for policy and intervention. To the extent general psychosocial resources of social support, self‐compassion, and self‐esteem are compromised due to minority stress, interventions aimed at improving coping resources are needed (see Chaudoir, Wang, & Pachankis, ). Increasing self‐compassion has been successful in other contexts (Kelly, Zuroff, Foa, & Gilbert, ; Krawitz, ; Leary, Tate, Adams, Batts, & Hancock, ; Neff & Germer, ; Shapira & Mongrain, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proximal Minority Stress, Psychosocial Resources, and Health in Sexual Minorities

Williams

Mann

Fredrick

2017

Journal of Social Issues

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Although minority stress processes of internalized stigma and anticipated discrimination are related to poor mental and physical health, limited research has explored mechanisms through which they become related. Uncovering mechanisms could provide additional points of intervention to improve sexual minority health. Using data from 218 sexual minorities (gay, lesbian, and bisexual individuals) who participated in an online study, we examined the indirect explanatory role of reduced psychosocial resources (social support, self-compassion, selfesteem) in the link between proximal minority stress (concealment, internalized stigma, anticipated discrimination) and health outcomes (psychological distress, self-reported health). Results revealed proximal minority stress processes were indirectly associated with self-reported health through reduced social support, and indirectly associated with psychological distress through reduced self-compassion and self-esteem. Findings highlight the compromised psychosocial resources that explain how minority stressors become linked with health. Interventions aimed at improving resources may be avenues for improving sexual minority health.Gay, lesbian, and bisexual individuals (i.e., sexual minorities) experience worse mental health (e.g., depression, anxiety, substance use) and physical health outcomes and behaviors (e.g., asthma, obesity, smoking, some cancers) than heterosexuals (Williams & Mann, 2017). A contributor to sexual minority health is minority stress (Meyer, 2003), or stigma and resulting processes due to minority sexual identity. Limited work has identified mechanisms that link proximal minority stress processes of concealment, internalized stigma, and anticipated discrimination to health. Uncovering mechanisms could provide points of intervention to improve health. The present study examined psychosocial resources (social support, self-compassion, self-esteem) that may be compromised due to

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proximal Minority Stress, Psychosocial Resources, and Health in Sexual Minorities

Williams

Mann

Fredrick

2017

Journal of Social Issues

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“…As norms are always related to power, the last suggested exercise targets the derogative, disempowering consequences of being considered unhealthy or health-deviant directly: discussing privileges of those who successfully present themselves as healthy. Similar exercises have been made regarding heterosexual privileges in interventions aiming at reducing sexual minority stress (Chaudoir, Wang, & Pachankis, 2017). …”

Section: How To Do Norm-criticsmentioning

confidence: 86%

On mountains and prophets: targeting majorities to support minorities by using norm-critics in health education

Pelters

2018

International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well

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This debate article advocates for norm-critics instead of empowering coping and pedagogy of tolerance as an educational approach to mitigate stigmatization as well as blame and guilt for health-deviant minorities within the field of health disparities. Norm-critics is a way of making members of the (presumably healthy) normative majority uncover and question their health-related norms and raise awareness for the processes by which members of that majority re/construct images of stereotypic figures (such as “the fatso” or “the couch-potato”) with certain personal character traits which are to be condemned and, in doing so, limit the acting space of those identified as examples of those figures. The approach, its theoretical background, arguments promoting norm-critics, and some suggestions for its practical application are presented. It is concluded that norm-critics render a valuable and much needed addition to the health intervention repertoire.

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“…Improving support available to LGB individuals and conveying belongingness offer productive means of intervention and may have immediate impacts on individual lives. Interventions can also target negative cognitions and maladaptive coping among LGB persons (see Chaudoir, Wang, & Pachankis, , for a review). Continued research is needed to develop and test interventions specifically designed to improve LGB health outcomes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applying Intergroup Relations Research to Understanding LGB Health Disparities

Ryan

Hunger

Major

2017

Journal of Social Issues

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This article describes how intergroup processes and stigma contribute to pervasive health disparities that exist between LGB and heterosexual individuals. In particular, we focus on how the hierarchical organization of groups and the intergroup dynamics that arise from this structure operate at structural, interpersonal, and intrapersonal levels to impact psychological and physiological processes that negatively influence health among LGB individuals. We focus on how these various manifestations of stigma act as additional stressors with which LGB individuals must contend and how this stress impacts health via stress-related physiological reactivity, coping strategies, and health care interactions. Throughout we highlight how specific aspects of LGB identities (i.e., concealability and "nontribal" nature) present concerns that diverge from those documented in research on race and gender-based stigmas. We end by discussing areas for future research and implications for social policy and interventions.Relative to heterosexuals, LGB people rate their overall health to be poorer and report a greater number of acute and chronic health symptoms (for a review, see Lick, Durso, & Johnson, 2013). Understanding the source of these disparities and reducing their prevalence represent pressing social issues that social psychological theories of intergroup relations are well positioned to address. This article describes how intergroup processes and stigma contribute to the pervasive health disparities that exist between LGB and heterosexual individuals

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What Reduces Sexual Minority Stress? A Review of the Intervention “Toolkit”

Cited by 210 publications

References 98 publications

Proximal Minority Stress, Psychosocial Resources, and Health in Sexual Minorities

Proximal Minority Stress, Psychosocial Resources, and Health in Sexual Minorities

On mountains and prophets: targeting majorities to support minorities by using norm-critics in health education

Applying Intergroup Relations Research to Understanding LGB Health Disparities

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