“…There is evidence that retention rates for formal online courses are very low (Sánchez-Elvira Paniagua & Simpson, 2018) with, for example, the UK's Open University recent graduation rate falling to only 13% (Inkelaar & Simpson, 2015, p. 153). Research that has been carried out on formal institutional courses and MOOCs (Zawacki-Richter, Bozkurt, Alturki & Aldraiweesh, 2018) shows there are a number of reasons why students might drop out from online courses. Students might feel isolated from others (Palloff & Pratt, 2005), intimidated by technology (Bawa, 2016), sense that there is a lack of support (Simpson, 2017) or feedback from institutions or teachers (Abel, 2005), they may be cognitively overloaded (Sweller, Ayres & Kalyuga, 2011) by the online context, or feel that the they are studying in an "ill-structured domain" (Driscoll, 2005) in which it is not easy for them to know how to learn.…”