What's in a Name? In Search of Leptin's Physiologic Role

Flier, J. S.

doi:10.1210/jc.83.5.1407

Cited by 355 publications

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“…For example, the protein leptin is a satiety adipocytokine that regulates appetite and energy balance of the body, and is associated with increased body weight [6,7], while increased resistin concentrations might cause insulin resistance and may thus link obesity with diabetes [8].…”

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Assessment of selected nutrient intake and adipocytokine profile among Saudi children and adults

et al. 2012

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A BALANCED DIET, including normal intake of essential amino acids, carbohydrates, essential fatty acids, vitamins and minerals, is important to maintain health and a sensible body weight. However, nutritional needs vary from one life stage to another. The scarcity or excessive intake in any of these substances could disturb the nutritional and metabolic homeostasis of the body and lead to increased risk for several pathologic conditions. Thus, dietary modification presents a powerful means by which we can minimize or prevent the onset of several risk factors for different disAssessment of selected nutrient intake and adipocytokine profile among Saudi children and adults Nasser M. Al-Daghri 1), 2), 3) , Abdulaziz Al-Othman 2), 4) , Khalid M. Alkharfy 1), 2), 5) , Majed S. Alokail 1), 2), 3) , Nasiruddin Khan 2) , Hanan A Alfawaz 6) , Ibrahim A. Aiswaidan 7) and George P. Chrousos 1), 8) Abstract. We report the dietary intake of selected nutrients in apparently healthy adults and children and its correlation with circulating levels of serum leptin and resistin. In this observational study, 47 Saudi children (mean age 13.1 ± 2.8 year) and 47 adults (mean age 45.7 ± 10.5 year) were recruited. Anthropometric data and lipid profile were obtained. Food intake was assessed by a food questionnaire and a 24-hour diet recall method. The dietary intake of selected nutrients was compared with the estimated average requirement (EAR) or adequate intake (AI) for establishing nutritional status. Results demonstrated that the levels of choline and calcium intake were significantly lower than the EAR in adults (p= 0.01 and 0.04, respectively) and relatively low in children. The level of manganese in adults was significantly higher (p= 0.02) than their AI level. The increasing levels of dietary vitamin B6 and B12 were associated with a significant increase in serum concentrations of leptin in adults and children (p=0.02). Overall, the dietary intakes of selected nutrients in Saudi adults and children were not adequate with most of them below cut-off EAR values except for essential amino acids.

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Assessment of selected nutrient intake and adipocytokine profile among Saudi children and adults

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“…Flier (16) hypothesized that leptin signals a shift between adequate and inadequate stores of energy, whereby a fall in leptin may lead to a series of physiological and metabolic adaptations that improve survival during times of energy insufficiency. One potential adaptation could be in the interaction between leptin and the immune system.…”

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Hyperleptinemia and reduced TNF-α secretion cause resistance of db/db mice to endotoxin

Madiehe

Mitchell

Harris

2003

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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Madiehe, Abram M., Tiffany D. Mitchell, and Ruth B. S. Harris. Hyperleptinemia and reduced TNF-␣ secretion cause resistance of db/db mice to endotoxin. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 284: R763-R770, 2003; 10.1152/ ajpregu.00610.2002-Leptin deficiency in ob/ob mice increases susceptibility to endotoxic shock, whereas leptin pretreatment protects them against LPS-induced lethality. Lack of the long-form leptin receptor (Ob-Rb) in db/db mice causes resistance. We tested the effects of LPS in C57BL/6J db 3J / db 3J (BL/3J) mice, which express only the circulating leptin receptors, compared with C57BL/6J db/db (BL/6J) mice, which express all short-form and circulating isoforms of the leptin receptor. Intraperitoneal injections of LPS significantly decreased rectal temperature and increased leptin, corticosterone, and free TNF-␣ in fed and fasted BL/3J and BL/6J mice. TNF-␣ was increased three-and fourfold in BL/3J and BL/6J, respectively. LPS (100 g) caused 50% mortality of fasted BL/6J mice but caused no mortality in fasted BL/3J mice. Pretreatment of fasted BL/3J mice with 30 g leptin prevented the drop in rectal temperature, blunted the increase in corticosterone, but had no effect on TNF-␣ induced by 100 g LPS. Taken together, these data provide evidence that fasted BL/3J mice are more resistant than BL/6J mice to LPS toxicity, presumably due to the absence of leptin receptors in BL/3J mice. This resistance may be due to high levels of free leptin cross-reacting with other cytokine receptors.tumor necrosis factor-␣; leptin receptor; lipopolysaccharides LOSS OF BODY WEIGHT and lack of appetite are serious complications associated with acute and chronic infections due to increased levels of inflammatory mediators and cytokines needed for killing pathogens (24,25). A severe inflammatory response can, therefore, cause deleterious changes in nutrition that adversely affect growth, reproduction, and the immune system (3). LPS, a gram-negative bacterial endotoxin, has been extensively used for experimental induction of an inflammatory response; its administration results in anorexia, fever, and increased cytokine production in rodents (27,33). The anorexia and host responses to LPS infection are mediated by IL-1␤ and TNF-␣ (7). The involvement of leptin in the immune response to LPS has been demonstrated by hypersensitivity of ob/ob mice to endotoxin administration. Leptin-deficient (ob/ob) mice are hypersensitive to the lethal effects of LPS and TNF-␣, but C57BL/6J db/db mice are resistant to LPS-induced anorexia and lethality (10,12,36). Leptin administration to ob/ob mice blunts the increased sensitivity to LPS and TNF-␣ (36).Flier (16) hypothesized that leptin signals a shift between adequate and inadequate stores of energy, whereby a fall in leptin may lead to a series of physiological and metabolic adaptations that improve survival during times of energy insufficiency. One potential adaptation could be in the interaction between leptin and the immune system.

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“…Além deste papel, a leptina sinaliza e modula o estado nutricional do organismo para outros sistemas fisiológicos. Este segundo aspecto é evidente diante dos seus efeitos inibitórios sobre o conjunto de alterações neuroendócrinas secundárias à privação alimentar (6). Outro papel da leptina que vai além da sua atividade na regulação do peso corporal é a possibilidade dela ser o sinal bioquímico que informa o cérebro que as reservas energéticas são suficientes para sustentar o início da puberdade e a reprodução (7).…”

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Leptina: o diálogo entre adipócitos e neurônios

Negrão¹,

Licinio

2000

Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab

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The discovery of leptin led to a renewed interest in the study of enegy homeostasis. It is now recognized that white adipose tissue is the major site of leptin synthesis. After it is secreted into the bloodstream leptin binds itself to specific receptors in the brain, providing the central nervous system with a satiety signal that reflects the amount of energy stored as fat. Acting through receptors that transduce a signal by the JAK/STAT pathway, leptin modifies the expression and activity of hypothalamic peptides that regulate appetite and energy expenditure. In addition, leptin signals nutritional status to other physiological systems and modulates the function of several target glands. More recently, recombinant leptin was successfully given to an obese patient with leptin deficiency due to a mutation in the ob gene. On the other hand, the effects of recombinant leptin in the only study with obese patients and increased levels of circulating leptin were less impressive.Here we review the complexity of leptin actions with a focus on its integrative role as a signal of nutritional status for the organism.

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What's in a Name? In Search of Leptin's Physiologic Role

Cited by 355 publications

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Assessment of selected nutrient intake and adipocytokine profile among Saudi children and adults

Assessment of selected nutrient intake and adipocytokine profile among Saudi children and adults

Hyperleptinemia and reduced TNF-α secretion cause resistance of db/db mice to endotoxin

Leptina: o diálogo entre adipócitos e neurônios

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