Whatʼs new in ophthalmic anaesthesia?

Comparison of Needle Path, Anesthetic Dispersion, and Quality of Anesthesia in Retrobulbar and Peribulbar Blocks

“…Ocular akinesia in ophthalmic blocks is accompanied by good analgesia. 3,13,24 The muscles evaluated fall within the common tendon at the orbital apex. Mobility of the 4 rectus muscles and lift of the upper eyelid was observed with a maximum possible score of 10 (satisfactory if <4).…”

Anestesia do tronco encefálico após bloqueio retrobulbar extraconal: é possível evitar? Relato de caso

“…No entanto, diante da complicação apresentada, presume-se que houve penetração inadvertida do espaço intraconal. Somente dessa forma poderia haver lesão da camada meníngea que envolve o nervo óptico, cujo trajeto se faz na porção central do cone formado pelos músculos extrínsecos do olho (Figura 4 16 ; ou mesmo se existiria uma membrana entre os músculos do olho separando, anatomicamente, esses espaços 5-12 . A afirmação de que a agulha de 25 mm seria a mais segura para a realização da ARBE 9 deve ser questionada.…”

“…Using a 25-mm long needle in the extraconal retrobulbar block, it is unlikely the apex of the orbit will be reached, because the distance between the apex and the lower orbital border, the site of needle introduction, is greater than 42 mm 4 . It has been frequently questioned whether one can be 100% sure that the blockade is really intra-or extraconal with the blind techniques currently used 16 , or if there really is a membrane between the muscles and the eye, dividing these spaces anatomically [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] . The statement that it would be safer to use a 25-mm long needle for the extraconal retrobulbar block 9 should be questioned.…”

Anaesthesia for Ophthalmic Procedures in a Teaching Hospital

“…For example, the use of phacoemulsification has been adduced as a reason for the shift from general to local anaesthesia for cataract surgery. 1 The number of anaesthetic options for ocular procedures has increased over the years. The local anaesthetic options include retrobulbar, peribulbar, sub-tenon, and topical 1 anaesthesia with or without sedation.…”

“…1 The number of anaesthetic options for ocular procedures has increased over the years. The local anaesthetic options include retrobulbar, peribulbar, sub-tenon, and topical 1 anaesthesia with or without sedation. Similarly, general 23 anaesthesia has evolved to include the use of the laryngeal mask airway (LMA), total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA), or 4 a combination of local anaesthesia and general anaesthesia.…”