What traits are carried on mobile genetic elements, and why?

Rankin, Daniel J.; Rocha, Eduardo P. C.; Brown, Sam P.

doi:10.1038/hdy.2010.24

Cited by 292 publications

(295 citation statements)

References 123 publications

(147 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

289

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…For example MacLean et al (2010) demonstrate the overall social utility of organisms behaving in a way that at first assessment seems to be obviously anti-social-free riding off of prosocial agents that manufacture costly public goods. Singlecell organisms produce a wide array of shared goods ranging from shelter to instructions for combating antibiotics (Rankin et al 2010). MacLean et al (2010) focus on the production of digestive enzymes by the more 'altruistic' of two isogenic yeast strains.…”

Section: Fundamental Social Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patiency is not a virtue: the design of intelligent systems and systems of ethics

Bryson

2018

Ethics Inf Technol

147

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The question of whether AI systems such as robots can or should be afforded moral agency or patiency is not one amenable either to discovery or simple reasoning, because we as societies constantly reconstruct our artefacts, including our ethical systems. Consequently, the place of AI systems in society is a matter of normative, not descriptive ethics. Here I start from a functionalist assumption, that ethics is the set of behaviour that maintains a society. This assumption allows me to exploit the theoretical biology of sociality and autonomy to explain our moral intuitions. From this grounding I extend to consider possible ethics for maintaining either human-or of artefact-centred societies. I conclude that while constructing AI systems as either moral agents or patients is possible, neither is desirable. In particular, I argue that we are unlikely to construct a coherent ethics in which it it is ethical to afford AI moral subjectivity. We are therefore obliged not to build AI we are obliged to.

show abstract

Section: Fundamental Social Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patiency is not a virtue: the design of intelligent systems and systems of ethics

Bryson

2018

Ethics Inf Technol

147

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Another issue is that Rankin et al (2010)'s model does not explicitly denote when cooperation occurs relative to plasmid transfer. If, for instance, toxins produced before host infection allow host colonization, followed by MGE transfer within hosts to plasmid-free bacteria, the toxinproducing bacteria would have helped bacteria not carrying the plasmid, and therefore, MGEs would not have preferentially helped copies of themselves for host infection.…”

Section: What Comes First: Cooperation or Plasmid Transmission?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, if kin cooperate, but also compete for resources, the advantages of cooperation are cancelled. Rankin et al (2010) and Nogueira et al (2009) consider a population structured in distinct patches, and show that relatedness increases within patches due to MGE transmission, but they fail to discuss where competition occurs. For their arguments to work, competition for resource acquisition in bacteria must occur between and not within patches.…”

Section: The Problem Of Kin Selection In a Structured Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kin selection can drive the spread of altruistic traits through preferential cooperation among relatives (Hamilton, 1964;Grafen, 1985;Gardner and West, 2010), that is, if cooperation occurs among individuals with a higher genetic similarity than average in the population at the cooperation locus, which is usually translated as having a relatedness R40. In their review, Rankin et al (2010) argue that horizontal transmission of MGE carrying altruistic traits, for example, the secretion of toxins into the environment, increase relatedness at this locus within populations, and thus that kin selection can operate to maintain cooperation.…”

Section: The Problem Of Kin Selection In a Structured Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a recent paper, Rankin et al (2010) review which traits are carried on mobile genetic elements (MGEs) and why. Much of the review is dedicated to a recent paper (Nogueira et al, 2009) exploring the mechanisms that can maintain cooperative traits coded by MGEs in pathogenic bacteria, for example, the secretion of toxins into the environment, which are costly to individuals that bear them but benefit the local population at large, because they allow host infection.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations