What we can learn about slope response to earthquakes from ambient noise analysis: An overview

Gaudio, Vincenzo Del; Muscillo, Sandro; Wąsowski, J.

doi:10.1016/j.enggeo.2014.05.010

Cited by 97 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Reflected, refracted, and/or diffracted waves, at the free surface or at interfaces between geological structures with strong impedance contrast, can all contribute to resonance phenomena. The shape and orientation of these surfaces can cause amplification at multiple frequencies, depending on topography and the thickness and lateral extent of the geological structures (Del Gaudio et al, ). Strong impedance contrasts producing local amplification can be caused by a soil or debris layer overlying a rock formation, by highly fractured zones within more intact materials, or by weathered materials overlying less weathered materials (Bourdeau & Havenith, ; Bozzano et al, ; Del Gaudio & Wasowski, ; Gischig et al, ; Moore et al, ).…”

Section: Coseismic Landslidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Earthquake‐Induced Chains of Geologic Hazards: Patterns, Mechanisms, and Impacts

Fan

Scaringi

Korup

et al. 2019

Reviews of Geophysics

655

325

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Large earthquakes initiate chains of surface processes that last much longer than the brief moments of strong shaking. Most moderate‐ and large‐magnitude earthquakes trigger landslides, ranging from small failures in the soil cover to massive, devastating rock avalanches. Some landslides dam rivers and impound lakes, which can collapse days to centuries later, and flood mountain valleys for hundreds of kilometers downstream. Landslide deposits on slopes can remobilize during heavy rainfall and evolve into debris flows. Cracks and fractures can form and widen on mountain crests and flanks, promoting increased frequency of landslides that lasts for decades. More gradual impacts involve the flushing of excess debris downstream by rivers, which can generate bank erosion and floodplain accretion as well as channel avulsions that affect flooding frequency, settlements, ecosystems, and infrastructure. Ultimately, earthquake sequences and their geomorphic consequences alter mountain landscapes over both human and geologic time scales. Two recent events have attracted intense research into earthquake‐induced landslides and their consequences: the magnitude M 7.6 Chi‐Chi, Taiwan earthquake of 1999, and the M 7.9 Wenchuan, China earthquake of 2008. Using data and insights from these and several other earthquakes, we analyze how such events initiate processes that change mountain landscapes, highlight research gaps, and suggest pathways toward a more complete understanding of the seismic effects on the Earth's surface.

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Section: Coseismic Landslidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Earthquake‐Induced Chains of Geologic Hazards: Patterns, Mechanisms, and Impacts

Fan

Scaringi

Korup

et al. 2019

Reviews of Geophysics

655

325

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“…Ambient seismic vibration measurements have been increasingly used to characterize unstable slopes (Del Gaudio et al, 2014;Del Gaudio & Wasowski, 2011;Galea et al, 2014;Iannucci et al, 2018;Jongmans et al, 2002;Kleinbrod et al, 2017), prone-to-fall rock columns Colombero et al, 2018;Lévy et al, 2010;Valentin et al, 2017), and rock arches (Moore et al, 2016;Moore et al, 2018;Starr et al, 2015). Of particular interest is such seismic mapping in case of brittle rock failure, where only little prefailure displacements can be registered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fracture Network Imaging on Rock Slope Instabilities Using Resonance Mode Analysis

Häusler

Michel²,

Burjánek

et al. 2019

Geophysical Research Letters

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We performed modal analysis using frequency domain decomposition of ambient seismic vibration data collected on large rock slope instabilities. This technique enables a robust detection of resonance frequencies and provides the corresponding mode shape vectors. We applied the technique to synthetic and field data sets acquired by seismometer arrays on two rock instabilities in Switzerland. We found that, at the fundamental mode, the entire instability vibrates in‐phase with the dominant mode shape vector oriented perpendicular to dominant fracture systems. At higher frequencies, different compartments of the instability resonate antiphase. Therefore, delineating the zero crossings between the phases allows dominant fractures to be efficiently mapped. Approximately 1 hr of ambient vibration data suffices to apply the method successfully. The method also potentially detects hidden fractures that cannot be observed by geological field mapping. In addition, this approach combines classic amplification and polarization analysis into one technique, simplifying data processing efforts.

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“…The last method is based on microtremors characterised by low levels of energy and low amplitudes. It has proven to be one of the most appropriate methods to estimate (i) the resonance frequencies of soft deposits (Del Gaudio, Muscillo and Wasowski ; Larose et al , Lotti et al ; Pazzi et al ), (ii) the interactions between soil and buildings (Herak ; Pazzi et al , ), and (iii) the presence of underground voids, both natural or anthropic (Castellaro and Mulargia ). Cavities do cause a shear velocity inversion that is clearly distinguishable in the H/V curve of values < 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing subsoil void hazards along a road system using H/V measurements, ERTs and IPTs to support local decision makers

Pazzi

Ceccatelli

Gracchi

et al. 2018

Near Surface Geophysics

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Between 2008 and 2014, nine sinkholes occurred in northeastern Elba Island (Tuscany, Italy), an area with mostly flat terrain (called “Il Piano”) separating the municipalities of Rio nell’Elba and Rio Marina. The last sinkhole damaged the only road (SP26) between the harbour of Rio Marina and the northwestern part of the island. A bypass was immediately built, but the SP26 remains closed. Considering that sinkholes could be densely clustered in sinkhole prone areas, their detection and forecasting are key aspects of local administrative policies. In this paper, we present the results of an integrated geophysical survey aimed at (i) characterizing the geology of the area surrounding the SP26, and (ii) assessing the subsoil void hazard around the road system to support the decision to replace or restore the SP26. Therefore, for the purposes of this research, 120 singlestation seismic noise measurements were taken following the horizontal‐to‐vertical spectral ratio (H/V) or Nakamura technique, while eight 2D electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and 17 3D‐ERT/induced polarisation measurements were also carried out in the study area. The H/V method allowed the estimation of the mean thickness of the alluvium, whereas the 2D/3D‐ERTs and IPTs permitted the characterisation of the electrical behaviours of the materials and the localisation of the lenticular sand and gravel bodies within a sandy silt layer. The large amount of collected data made the zonation of the subsoil void hazards possible.

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What we can learn about slope response to earthquakes from ambient noise analysis: An overview

Cited by 97 publications

References 53 publications

Earthquake‐Induced Chains of Geologic Hazards: Patterns, Mechanisms, and Impacts

Earthquake‐Induced Chains of Geologic Hazards: Patterns, Mechanisms, and Impacts

Fracture Network Imaging on Rock Slope Instabilities Using Resonance Mode Analysis

Assessing subsoil void hazards along a road system using H/V measurements, ERTs and IPTs to support local decision makers

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