What we know about poleroviruses: Advances in understanding the functions of polerovirus proteins

Delfosse, Verónica Cecilia; Barón, María Pilar Barrios; Distéfano, Ana Julia

doi:10.1111/ppa.13368

Cited by 40 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…VPg is covalently linked to the viral genome and acts as a cap at the 5ʹ UTR ( Jiang and Laliberte 2011 ). VPg is a self-cleaving protease located near the C terminal part of P1 protein, is important for ribosome interactions, and is predicted to participate in viral RNA synthesis and translation ( Osman, Coutts, and Buck 2006 ; Delfosse et al. 2021 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Poleroviruses are distributed worldwide, and some species cause damaging diseases in a wide variety of plants including potato, sugarcane, maize, and beets ( Garcia-Ruiz, Holste, and LaTourrette 2021 ). The type species for poleroviruses is PLRV ( Taliansky, Mayo, and Barker 2003 ; Delfosse et al. 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…P4 is a movement protein that enables both cell-to-cell movement through the plasmodesmata and systemic movement ( Ju et al. 2017 ; Delfosse et al. 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2005 ). Within the P1–P2 fusion that forms the RdRp, the P2 portion is conserved ( Koonin and Dolja 1993 ; Delfosse et al. 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polerovirus genomic variation

2021

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The polerovirus (family Solemoviridae, genus Polerovirus) genome consists of single, positive strand RNA organized in overlapping open reading frames (ORFs) that, in addition to others, code for protein 0 (P0, a gene silencing suppressor), a coat protein (CP, ORF3) and a read-through domain (ORF5) that is fused to the CP to form a CP-RT protein. The genus Polerovirus contains 26 virus species that infect a wide variety of plants from cereals to cucurbits, to peppers. Poleroviruses are transmitted by a wide range of aphid species in the genera Rhopalosiphum, Stiobion, Aphis, and Myzus. Aphid transmission is mediated both by the CP and the CP-RT. In viruses, mutational robustness and structural flexibility are necessary for maintaining functionality in genetically diverse sets of host plants and vectors. Under this scenario, within a virus genome, mutations preferentially accumulate in areas that are determinants of host adaptation or vector transmission. In this study, we profiled genomic variation in poleroviruses. Consistent with their multifunctional nature, single nucleotide variation and selection analyses showed that ORFs coding for P0 and the read-through domain within the CP-RT are the most variable and contain the highest frequency of sites under positive selection. An order/disorder analysis showed that protein P0 is not disordered. In contrast, proteins CP-RT and VPg contain areas of disorder. Disorder is a property of multifunctional proteins with multiple interaction partners. Results described here suggest that using contrasting mechanisms, P0, VPg and CP-RT mediate adaptation to host plants, to vectors, and are contributors to the broad host and vector range of poleroviruses. Profiling genetic variation across the polerovirus genome has practical applications in diagnostics, breeding for resistance, identification of susceptibility genes, and contributes to our understanding of virus interactions with their host, vectors, and environment.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…P4 is a movement protein that enables both cell-to-cell movement through the plasmodesmata and systemic movement ( Ju et al. 2017 ; Delfosse et al. 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2005 ). Within the P1–P2 fusion that forms the RdRp, the P2 portion is conserved ( Koonin and Dolja 1993 ; Delfosse et al. 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polerovirus genomic variation

2021

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“…In order to determine the genetic variability of Tasmanian isolates identified by TuYV species-specific PCR, two distinct segments in the genome were sequenced: ORF0, which codes for a protein (P0) involved in post-transcriptional gene silencing, symptom expression, and host range specificity [86,87], and ORF3, which codes for the coat protein (P3) [88,89]. Seventy-five Tasmanian isolates shared nucleotide identities ranging from 83.2-100% for P0 and from 91.2-100% for P3.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abundance of Poleroviruses within Tasmanian Pea Crops and Surrounding Weeds, and the Genetic Diversity of TuYV Isolates Found

Umar

Tegg

Farooq

et al. 2022

Viruses

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The genus Polerovirus contains positive-sense, single-stranded RNA plant viruses that cause significant disease in many agricultural crops, including vegetable legumes. This study aimed to identify and determine the abundance of Polerovirus species present within Tasmanian pea crops and surrounding weeds that may act as virus reservoirs. We further sought to examine the genetic diversity of TuYV, the most commonly occurring polerovirus identified. Pea and weed samples were collected during 2019–2020 between October and January from thirty-four sites across three different regions (far northwest, north, and midlands) of Tasmania and tested by RT-PCR assay, with selected samples subject to next-generation sequencing. Results revealed that the presence of polerovirus infection and the prevalence of TuYV in both weeds and pea crops varied across the three Tasmanian cropping regions, with TuYV infection levels in pea crops ranging between 0 and 27.5% of tested plants. Overall, two species members from each genus, Polerovirus and Potyvirus, one member from each of Luteovirus, Potexvirus, and Carlavirus, and an unclassified virus from the family Partitiviridae were also found as a result of NGS data analysis. Analysis of gene sequences of the P0 and P3 genes of Tasmanian TuYV isolates revealed substantial genetic diversity within the collection, with a few isolates appearing more closely aligned with BrYV isolates. Questions remain around the differentiation of TuYV and BrYV species. Phylogenetic inconsistency in the P0 and P3 ORFs supports the concept that recombination may have played a role in TuYV evolution in Tasmania. Results of the evolutionary analysis showed that the selection pressure was higher in the P0 gene than in the P3 gene, and the majority of the codons for each gene are evolving under purifying selection. Future full genome-based analyses of the genetic variations will expand our understanding of the evolutionary patterns existing among TuYV populations in Tasmania.

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