What we say and what we do: The relationship between real and hypothetical moral choices

FeldmanHall, Oriel; Mobbs, Dean; Evans, Davy; Hiscox, Lucy V; Navrady, Lauren; Dalgleish, Tim

doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2012.02.001

Cited by 274 publications

(201 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…For example, there is evidence that children say they will give more in a Dictator Game than what they actually give (Blake, 2018). Another study showed that young adults kept slightly more money for themselves in a real versus hypothetical economic game in which a confederate receives electric shocks when the participant keeps money for themselves (FeldmanHall et al., 2012). Findings in this area are not entirely consistent: one study with adults found that the amount given in a Dictator Game with hypothetical money was very similar to the amount given in a game with real money (Ben‐Ner, Kramer, & Levy, 2008), although this relationship varied depending on the personality traits extraversion and agreeableness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age differences in the prosocial influence effect

Foulkes

Leung²,

Fuhrmann

et al. 2018

Developmental Science

108

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Social influence occurs when an individual's thoughts or behaviours are affected by other people. There are significant age effects on susceptibility to social influence, typically a decline from childhood to adulthood. Most research has focused on negative aspects of social influence, such as peer influence on risky behaviour, particularly in adolescence. The current study investigated the impact of social influence on the reporting of prosocial behaviour (any act intended to help another person). In this study, 755 participants aged 8–59 completed a computerized task in which they rated how likely they would be to engage in a prosocial behaviour. Afterwards, they were told the average rating (in fact fictitious) that other participants had given to the same question, and then were asked to rate the same behaviour again. We found that participants' age affected the extent to which they were influenced by other people: children (8–11 years), young adolescents (12–14 years) and mid‐adolescents (15–18 years) all significantly changed their ratings, while young adults (19–25 years) and adults (26–59 years) did not. Across the three youngest age groups, children showed the most susceptibility to prosocial influence, changing their reporting of prosocial behaviour the most. The study provides evidence that younger people's increased susceptibility to social influence can have positive outcomes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age differences in the prosocial influence effect

Foulkes

Leung²,

Fuhrmann

et al. 2018

Developmental Science

108

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“…In a more realistic setting, a recent study (FeldmanHall et al, 2012) used a pain-versus-gain paradigm to show that in the face of contextually salient motivational cues (like monetary gain) people were ready to let others get physically hurt, which contrasts starkly with the previous research showing that aversion to harming others is one of the most deeply ingrained of moral intuitions (Cushman, Young, & Hauser, 2006;Haidt, 2007). They also showed that the behavior of participants in real life increasingly deviated away from the judgment they made as the presentation of moral situations became increasingly contextually impoverished.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Affective basis of judgment-behavior discrepancy in virtual experiences of moral dilemmas

Patil

Cogoni

Zangrando

et al. 2013

Social Neuroscience

169

131

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Although research in moral psychology in the last decade has relied heavily on hypothetical moral dilemmas and has been effective in understanding moral judgment, how these judgments translate into behaviors remains a largely unexplored issue due to the harmful nature of the acts involved. To study this link, we follow a new approach based on a desktop virtual reality environment. In our within-subjects experiment, participants exhibited an order-dependent judgment-behavior discrepancy across temporally separated sessions, with many of them behaving in utilitarian manner in virtual reality dilemmas despite their nonutilitarian judgments for the same dilemmas in textual descriptions. This change in decisions reflected in the autonomic arousal of participants, with dilemmas in virtual reality being perceived more emotionally arousing than the ones in text, after controlling for general differences between the two presentation modalities (virtual reality vs. text). This suggests that moral decision-making in hypothetical moral dilemmas is susceptible to contextual saliency of the presentation of these dilemmas.

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“…Neste estudo usou-se uma vinheta clínica retratando o caso de um adolescente com problemas de abuso de ál-cool. O recurso a esta estratégia pode ser considerado uma mais-valia porque facilita a avaliação, permitindo a obtenção de respostas mais aproximadas ao que seria o comportamento dos adolescentes em situações reais, ao passo que, quando é usada uma situação hipotética mais simples, as respostas dos participantes não costumam re etir as decisões que eles teriam no seu dia-adia (FeldmanHall et al, 2012). Os resultados obtidos sugerem-nos alguns comentári-os: Das várias componentes da LSM, o reconhecimento do problema emerge como um fator inicial e importante, pois é o primeiro passo para a procura de ajuda de fontes pro ssionais (Gulliver, Gri ths & Christensen, 2010).…”

Section: Discussão Dos Resultadosunclassified

Literacia em saúde mental sobre abuso de álcool em adolescentes: Desenvolvimento de um instrumento de medida

Rosa

Loureiro

Sequeira

2016

RPESM

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RESUMO CONTEXTO:As estimativas apontam para que uma em cada cinco crianças e adolescentes venham a ter problemas de saúde mental com expressão antes dos 18 anos de idade e que destes, cerca de metade desenvolva uma perturbação mental com re exo na idade adulta. A baixa literacia em saúde mental está associada à ausência de comportamentos de procura de ajuda. Considerando que a promoção da literacia em saúde mental é um pré-requisito para o reconhecimento precoce das perturbações e intervenção atempada, são necessários instrumentos especí cos que sustentem a conceção e implementação de programas de educação e sensibilização para a saúde mental ajustados aos contextos e público-alvo. OBJETIVO: Desenvolver a escala MentaHLiS -AA e analisar as suas propriedades psicométricas. METODOLOGIA: Participaram no estudo 757 adolescentes entre os 10 e os 18 anos. Para o desenvolvimento do instrumento utilizaram-se metodologias qualitativas (focus group, painéis de peritos). A validade foi veri cada através da análise de correspondências múltiplas e da análise fatorial exploratória dos itens, e a delidade, através do cálculo do alfa de Cronbach. RESULTADOS: Da análise resultaram cinco subescalas com índices de abilidade aceitáveis, variando entre .718 e .811, e uma estrutura fatorial consistente com o construto teórico. CONCLUSÕES: A MentaHLiS -AA é um instrumento dedigno e valido que pode ser utilizado no rastreio da literacia em saúde mental sobre abuso de álcool e na avaliação do impacto das intervenções de Enfermagem dirigidas à promoção da saúde mental dos adolescentes.

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What we say and what we do: The relationship between real and hypothetical moral choices

Cited by 274 publications

References 28 publications

Age differences in the prosocial influence effect

Age differences in the prosocial influence effect

Affective basis of judgment-behavior discrepancy in virtual experiences of moral dilemmas

Literacia em saúde mental sobre abuso de álcool em adolescentes: Desenvolvimento de um instrumento de medida

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