What Works to Improve Maternal and Infant Health Outcomes among Hispanic Women in the United States: A Systematic Literature Review 2010-2021

Abstract

Background Inequities in Maternal and Infant Health (MIH) in Hispanics in the United States are highly prevalent. To our knowledge, few studies, have systematically reviewed what works to improve MIH in this population. The aims of this study were to find robust evidence of what works or innovative interventions to improve MIH among Hispanics in this country. Methods A systematic literature review was completed using specific key terms through Google Scholar and PubMed. Peer-reviewed studies of innovative MIH interventions among the Hispanic population and specific outcomes from 2010 and 2021 were included. Results A total of 18 articles met the criteria. Most interventions were related to improving breastfeeding practices, quality or delivery of health services, use of technology or health communications, and health financing models. What worked was: 1) the inclusion of Spanish-speaking program facilitators; 2) culturally infused programs that incorporated Hispanic cultural values and families; and 3) the use of technology and health communication to reach and improve behaviors of Hispanic mothers, including in rural areas. Several interventions improved maternal self-efficacy, knowledge, and practices. Though promising evidence, studies were limited by a small sample size, duration, and capturing diversity. Conclusion There is growing evidence of MIH interventions implementing culturally responsive and innovative interventions specific to improving breastfeeding practices and MIH outcomes for Hispanic mothers. Though more rigorous evaluations are needed with longer duration, larger sample sizes, and representation of subgroups as well as expanded measures of sociocultural, family, and partner involvement as well as changing demographics.