What You Export Matters

Влияние Внешних Факторов На Развитие Рынка Консалтинговых Услуг

“…As discussed in chapter III of this Report, these kinds of linkages depend on the policy framework (Furtado, 1967;Hausmann et al, 2007). Dynamic economies of scale and scope, coupled with the productive externalities and spillovers these processes engender, are by their very nature difficult to capture -empirically or practically -at the firm or even industry level.…”

“…how much research and development (R&D) went into producing it, or the relative amounts of technology, labour and capital that are embedded in it), it uses a measure of export sophistication that simply infers from existing patterns of trade and the level of per capita income associated with exporting the product (Jarreau and Poncet, 2012;Fortunato and Razo, 2014). 15 The causal logic is that countries whose export baskets exceed the sophistication level typically associated with their per capita incomes also tend to grow faster (Hausmann et al, 2007 and. Chart 4.6 uses a simple scatter plot to illustrate the relationship between this measure of export sophistication and per capita GDP growth for developing countries.…”

China and the Future of Asian Electronics Trade

“…Standard measures of technology intensity such as R&D as a share of sales and number of patents cannot be used since crosscountry data do not exist at such a disaggregated intra-industry level. Lall et al (2006) and Hausmann et al (2007) propose a methodology for estimating the technology intensity of a product indirectly using trade data. The two studies posit that a product is more sophisticated the higher the weighted average income of its exporting countries.…”

“…The coverage and degree of disaggregation in the REP varies across countries, but we have been able to extract a consistent panel for 9 electronics categories from 1992 to 2005 that is in line with our definition of electronics above (See Table 7 for the list of product categories). Hausmann et al (2007), we proceed in two steps. In the first step, we estimate the level of technological sophistication of each electronics category as the weightedaverage income of its producers between 2002 and 2005.…”

Prediction in complex systems: The case of the international trade network

“…The Product Space attempts to explain how the nations develop by projecting their exports on a 2D map, and observing how they diffuse in the Product Space [6]. The Economic Complexity aims to rank products by the technological requirements needed for a country to be able to manufacture a product, and to rank the countries by their competitiveness [7,8].…”