WhatsApp-based intervention in urban Colombia to support the prevention of arboviral diseases: a feasibility study

Abstract

Background Arboviral diseases remain a significant health concern worldwide, necessitating innovative prevention strategies. mHealth interventions with a particular focus on mobile applications like WhatsApp, offer promising results for engaging communities, educating individuals, and promoting healthier behaviours. This study explores the feasibility to integrate WhatsApp in vector control activities, aiming to improve the arbovirus prevention in Colombian urban areas. Methods A mixed-methods approach was employed to assess the WhatsApp-based intervention as part of a large research implementation in Colombia. WhatsApp messages were sent to 45 community women for 5 weeks to increase their knowledge and practices about dengue, Zika, and chikungunya. Pre-and-post surveys and focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted in community settings to measure the feasibility and acceptability of this mHealth intervention. Chat reviews were done to assess the usability and interaction of users. The McNemar test was used to assess improvements in the knowledge and practices of the participants. Results A total of 1566 messages were exchanged in 45 WhatsApp chats. High acceptance and good usability (82% of active users used the app for replying) were reported in two FGDs and chat reviews. WhatsApp messages were perceived as short, clear, and enjoyable. Users liked the frequency, and design of messages. Improvements in the level of knowledge and practices of arboviral diseases were demonstrated in pre-and-post surveys. The intention to apply this knowledge in practice was reflected in a significant improvement, particularly in cleaning the laundry tank once a week (pre 62.1% to post 89.6%, p < 0.008). Conclusions This study suggests that the use of WhatsApp as an additional tool could be a feasible, acceptable, and affordable strategy for improving communication actions in vector activities and improving the adoption of better practices in the prevention of dengue, Zika and chikungunya.