Wheat artificial amphiploids involving the Triticum timopheevii genome: their studies, preservation and reproduction

Abstract

The effective utilisation of available genetic resources of related species is essential for successful crops breeding and maintaining genetic variability within crops. Bread wheat, the basic cultivated wheat species, is an amphiploid (2n = 6x = 42) and, therefore, the production of new synthetic amphiploids using genomes of related species should reduce the difficulties caused by direct crossings, for example, between hexaploid wheat and diploid relatives. Hence, exploiting synthetic amphiploids is an effective and rapid way of introgressing desirable traits from related species into cultivated wheats. Some of the artificial amphiploids that already exist were produced 80 years ago. Yet little work has been done to highlight potential contamination and/or genetic changes during their conservation by genebanks. Thus, we utilised the electrophoresis of wheat endosperm storage proteins (gliadins) to check such amphiploid authenticity, and also where differences had been previously observed between synthetic wheat amphiploids.In addition, we checked putative amphiploid accessions where Triticum timopheevii (GGA t A t ) was recorded as one of the parents. A synthetic species, T. timococcum produced by Kostov, together with a natural T. zhukovskyi found in Georgia (the former Soviet Union) were revealed to be identical according to our assays. The existence of several T. kiharae accessions independently produced by different authors was confirmed, and they exhibited polymorphism for a number of traits, including spike characters (awning, hairy glumes) and growth habit (spring vs. winter). The effective conservation of artificial amphiploids in genebanks is discussed.

Development and characterization of synthetic amphiploid (AABB) between Oryza sativa and Oryza punctata

“…Allopolyploid play an important role in breeding programs and the.genetic and evolutionary studies of wheat (Goncharov et al 2007), cotton (Flagel et al 2008), rape (Albertin et al 2006) and so on. From an evolutionary point of view, a different genomic combination and polyploidization reflect the general direction of the evolution of crops (Cai et al 2001).…”

Chromosome variation and HMW glutenins in synthetic hexaploid wheats (Triticum turgidumssp.dicoccum/Aegilops tauschii)

“…The production of synthetic amphiploids is an effective and rapid way of introgressing desirable traits from related species into domesticated wheats (Goncharov et al 2007). Using the genetic resources of wild relatives is the best strategy to improve the quality and productivity of durum and common wheat.…”

Cytomorphological Characterization of the Backcross Progeny of Synthetic Amphiploid Rice (AABB) and Tetraploid Oryza sativa (AAAA)

“…Synthetic allopolyploids should further enrich existing rice resources. Moreover, they will be beneficial for both the protection of wild resources and the storage and use of wild germplasms (Sangiacomo & Sullivian 1994;Kazi et al, 1996;Ge & Li, 2007;Goncharov et al, 2007;Yao et al, 2012). From an evolutionary perspective, different genomic combinations and polyploidization reflects the general direction of crop evolution (Cai et al, 2001).…”

“…Hence, they may play an important role in the distant hybridization and promote the exploitation of useful genes from wild species. Allopolyploidy has proven very useful in the utilization of genetic resources to increase yields in many crop species (Albertin et al, 2006;Goncharov et al, 2007;Flagel et al, 2008). Furthermore, allopolyploid rice is a versatile material that can be used to study relationships between different genome groups or in research on rice evolution.…”