Wheat bran affects the site of fermentation of resistant starch and luminal indexes related to colon cancer risk: a study in pigs

Govers, Mirjam J.A.P.; Gannon, Neil J.; Dunshea, Frank R.; Gibson, Peter R.; Muir, Jane G.

doi:10.1136/gut.45.6.840

Cited by 156 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In this study, whole cecum weights in the HAS-administered groups increased significantly ( Table 2), suggesting that HAS reached the cecum without digestion. It has been reported that starch that reaches the large intestine is fermented by intestinal bacteria, resulting in increases in butyrate concentration in the large intestine in humans (10), pigs (16) and rats (24).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of High Amylose Maize Starch and Clostridium butyricum on Metabolism in Colonic Microbiota and Formation of Azoxymethane‐Induced Aberrant Crypt Foci in the Rat Colon

Nakanishi

Kataoka

Kuwahara

et al. 2003

Microbiology and Immunology

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High amylose maize starch (HAS) is not digested in the small intestine and most of it reaches the large intestine. In the large intestine, HAS is fermented by intestinal bacteria, resulting in production of short‐chain fatty acids (SCFA), particularly butyrate. Clostridium butyricum can utilize HAS and produce butyrate and acetate. It has been proposed that butyrate inhibits carcinogenesis in the colon. In this study, we examined the inhibitory effects of HAS and C. butyricum strain MIYAIRI588 (CBM588) on azoxymethane‐induced aberrant crypt foci (ACF) formation in rats. In the group of rats administered only CBM588 spores, the concentration of butyrate in the cecum increased, but there was no decrease in the number of ACF. In the group of rats fed an HAS diet, a decrease in the number of ACF was observed, and in the group of rats administered HAS and CBM588, the number of ACF decreased significantly. In these two groups, the concentrations of acetate and propionate in intestinal contents significantly increased, but the concentration of butyrate did not change. It was found that the β‐glucuronidase activity level of colonic contents decreased significantly in the two groups of rats fed HAS. This study showed that HAS and CBM588 changed the metabolism of colonic microbiota and decreased the level of β‐glucuronidase activity, phenomena that may play a role in the inhibition of ACF formation in the rat colon.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of High Amylose Maize Starch and Clostridium butyricum on Metabolism in Colonic Microbiota and Formation of Azoxymethane‐Induced Aberrant Crypt Foci in the Rat Colon

Nakanishi

Kataoka

Kuwahara

et al. 2003

Microbiology and Immunology

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“…Other diseases related to changes in the composition and activity of the intestinal microbiota include diarrhoea and necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) (4,5) . As diet composition reflects the substrates available for the intestinal microbiota, thereby affecting their composition and metabolic activity, dietary modulation appears to be a valuable and promising tool to improve host health by beneficially steering microbial composition and metabolism (6,7) . Therefore, dietary supplementation of food additives, such as probiotics, has been frequently proposed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of pigs as a potential model for research into dietary modulation of the human gut microbiota

2013

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The human intestinal microbial ecosystem plays an important role in maintaining health. A multitude of diseases including diarrhoea, gastrointestinal inflammatory disorders, such as necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) of neonates, and obesity are linked to microbial composition and metabolic activity. Therefore, research on possible dietary strategies influencing microbial composition and activity, both preventive and curative, is being accomplished. Interest has focused on pre-and probiotics that stimulate the intestinal production of beneficial bacterial metabolites such as butyrate, and beneficially affect microbial composition. The suitability of an animal model to study dietary linked diseases is of much concern. The physiological similarity between humans and pigs in terms of digestive and associated metabolic processes places the pig in a superior position over other non-primate models. Furthermore, the pig is a human-sized omnivorous animal with comparable nutritional requirements, and shows similarities to the human intestinal microbial ecosystem. Also, the pig has been used as a model to assess microbiota -health interactions, since pigs exhibit similar syndromes to humans, such as NEC and partly weanling diarrhoea. In contrast, when using rodent models to study diet -microbiota -health interactions, differences between rodents and humans have to be considered. For example, studies with mice and human subjects assessing possible relationships between the composition and metabolic activity of the gut microbiota and the development of obesity have shown inconsistencies in results between studies. The present review displays the similarities and differences in intestinal microbial ecology between humans and pigs, scrutinising the pig as a potential animal model, with regard to possible health effects.

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“…In the present study, addition of wheat bran to the inocula resulted in raised SCFA concentrations after the 12-h incubation (P < 0.001, Table 2). The caecal and colon SCFA production was elevated also in pigs fed diets containing wheat bran as a fibre supplementation (Govers et al 1999;Molist et al 2009). …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro fermentation pattern in the large intestine of hybrids between wild boars and domestic pigs - a preliminary study

Miśta¹,

Króliczewska²,

Pecka-Kiełb³

et al. 2016

CZECH J ANIM SCI

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Breeding of hybrids between wild boars and domestic pigs is in the consumer interest because of the need to ensure food security and diversification via widening the genetic basis of animals reared for meat. To expand the knowledge about their nutritional requirements, this study aimed to investigate hindgut fermentation in these animals. Caecal and colon cultures were incubated for 12 h in vitro with or without wheat bran as a supplementary substrate. Short-chain fatty acids, ammonia, methane, and total gas production were determined. The total concentrations of short-chain fatty acids in unincubated caecal and colon samples were 93.1 and 115 mmol/kg, respectively. The short-chain fatty acid profile in fresh hindgut contents was characterized by a high molar proportion of acetate (74.8-75.0 mol%), followed by propionate (18.2-18.5 mol%) and butyrate (5.4-5.5 mol%). The presence of wheat bran lowered acetate and increased butyrate, propionate, and valerate molar proportions. The ammonia level remained low (1.3-2.43 mmol/kg) regardless of the addition of the substrate. The relatively low pH and ammonia concentration in wild boar/pig hybrids may be caused by the low level of crude protein in diet of these animals. The rate of methanogenesis increased during the fermentation simultaneously with an increase in the production of gases after wheat bran addition. Methane production in the caecal and colon samples incubated with the substrate reached 15.6 and 16.1 mmol/kg, respectively. The hindgut fermentation pattern in wild boar/pig hybrids generally resembled that described earlier in domestic pigs, although some observed dissimilarities may be caused by distinct microbial activity.

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Wheat bran affects the site of fermentation of resistant starch and luminal indexes related to colon cancer risk: a study in pigs

Cited by 156 publications

References 35 publications

Effects of High Amylose Maize Starch and Clostridium butyricum on Metabolism in Colonic Microbiota and Formation of Azoxymethane‐Induced Aberrant Crypt Foci in the Rat Colon

Effects of High Amylose Maize Starch and Clostridium butyricum on Metabolism in Colonic Microbiota and Formation of Azoxymethane‐Induced Aberrant Crypt Foci in the Rat Colon

Use of pigs as a potential model for research into dietary modulation of the human gut microbiota

In vitro fermentation pattern in the large intestine of hybrids between wild boars and domestic pigs - a preliminary study

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