Wheat phytase can alleviate the cellular toxic and inflammatory effects of lipopolysaccharide

Abstract

The objective of this study was to characterize the enzymatic hydrolysis of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by wheat phytase and to investigate the effects of wheat phytase-treated LPS on in vitro toxicity, cell viability and release of a pro-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin (IL)-8 by target cells compared with the intact LPS. The phosphatase activity of wheat phytase towards LPS was investigated in the presence or absence of inhibitors such as L-phenylalanine and L-homoarginine. In vitro toxicity of LPS hydrolyzed with wheat phytase in comparison to intact LPS was assessed. Cell viability in human aortic endothelial (HAE) cells exposed to LPS treated with wheat phytase in comparison to intact LPS was measured. The release of IL-8 in human intestinal epithelial cell line, HT-29 cells applied to LPS treated with wheat phytase in comparison to intact LPS was assayed. Wheat phytase hydrolyzed LPS, resulting in a significant release of inorganic phosphate for 1 h ( p < 0.05). Furthermore, the degradation of LPS by wheat phytase was nearly unaffected by the addition of L-phenylalanine, the inhibitor of tissue-specific alkaline phosphatase or L-homoarginine, the inhibitor of tissue-non-specific alkaline phosphatase. Wheat phytase effectively reduced the in vitro toxicity of LPS, resulting in a retention of 63% and 54% of its initial toxicity after 1–3 h of the enzyme reaction, respectively ( p < 0.05). Intact LPS decreased the cell viability of HAE cells. However, LPS dephosphorylated by wheat phytase counteracted the inhibitory effect on cell viability. LPS treated with wheat phytase decreased IL-8 secretion from intestinal epithelial cell line, HT-29 cell to 14% ( p < 0.05) when compared with intact LPS. In conclusion, wheat phytase is a potential therapeutic candidate and prophylactic agent for control of infections induced by pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria and associated LPS-mediated inflammatory diseases in animal husbandry.

Prediction of calcium and phosphorus requirements for pigs in different bodyweight ranges using a meta-analysis

“…Importantly, Ca and P retention was not decreased by Ca/P in the 6-11, 11-25, and 25-50 kg BW categories; this explains the linear increase in ADG with increasing Ca/P. Digestibility of Ca in pig production is not only affected by Ca level, but also by the exogenous phytase and Ca/P to which the pigs are subjected, as well as the growth stage [5,18]. For pigs, the aim is to optimize BW while decreasing Ca excretion.…”

“…Digestibility of Ca in pig production is not only affected by Ca level, but also by the exogenous phytase and Ca/P to which the pigs are subjected, as well as the growth stage [ 5 , 18 ]. For pigs, the aim is to optimize BW while decreasing Ca excretion.…”

Wheat phytase potentially protects HT-29 cells from inflammatory nucleotides-induced cytotoxicity

“…These results showed that wheat phytase could enhance cell viability of HT-29 against UDP-induced cytotoxicity by upregulating the release of both IL-6 and IL-8 known to be associated with proliferation and survival of many cells [ 24 , 25 ]. The present study also focuses on the possibility that wheat phytase may function as a direct up-regulator of IL-6 or IL-8 expression like HSP60 (heat shock protein 60) to enhance the cell survival against ATP or UDP stimulus [ 27 ], which is a new approach different from our previous studies that the enzyme play a role in decreasing the IL-8 release for cell viability against phosphorylated substrates such as LPS (lipopolysaccharide) and inorganic polyphosphates, mainly derived from exogenous pathogenic bacteria [ 30 , 31 ].…”