Wheat response to a wide range of temperatures, as determined from the Hot Serial Cereal (HSC) Experiment

Abstract

Abstract:Temperatures are warming on a global scale, a phenomenon that likely will affect future crop productivity. Crop growth models are useful tools to predict the likely effects of these global changes on agricultural productivity and to develop strategies to maximize the benefits and minimize the detriments of such changes. However, few such models have been tested at the higher temperatures expected in the future. Therefore, a "Hot Serial Cereal" experiment was conducted on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), the world's foremost food and feed crop, in order to obtain a dataset appropriate for testing the high temperature performance of wheat growth models. The wheat (Cereal) was planted serially (Serial) about every six weeks for over two years at Maricopa, Arizona, USA, which experiences the whole range of temperatures at which plants grow on Earth. In addition, on six planting dates infrared heaters in a T-FACE (temperature free-air controlled enhancement) system (Hot) were deployed over one-third of the plots to warm the wheat by additional target 1.5°C during daytime and 3.0°C at night. Achieved average degrees of warming were 1.3 and 2.7°C for day and night. Overall, a dataset covering 27 differently treated wheat crops with three replicates each was obtained covering an air temperature range from -2 to 42°C. Herein, the management, soils, weather, physiology, phenology, growth, yield, quality, and other data are presented.

Experimental and modeling evidence of carbon limitation of leaf appearance rate for spring and winter wheat

“…The first one was the Hot Serial Cereal (HSC) experiment conducted in Maricopa (33°4ˈN, 111°58ˈW, 358 m elevation), AZ, USA, where the spring wheat cultivar Yecora Rojo was sown about every 6 weeks for 2 years (Wall et al , 2011; White et al , 2012). The data of the HSC experiment were obtained from Kimball et al (2018). This experiment provides a very large range of temperature (average temperature between crop emergence and appearance of the flag-leaf = 9.6–22.3 °C) and photoperiod (10.1–13.9 h), with mean daily PTQ ranging from 1.2–3.8 mol m −2 °Cd −1 .…”

The Hot Serial Cereal Experiment for modeling wheat response to temperature: field experiments and AgMIP-Wheat multi-model simulations

“…These four plantings are not reported here. Experimental data for these plantings and additional measurements for all plantings, including detailed phenological stages, leaf emergence rate (Haun stage), soil and canopy temperature, vegetation index (NDVI), leaf level gas exchange and water relations, and grain quality data are reported in a separate paper (Kimball et al, 2018). Maximum and minimum values of daily air temperatures were obtained primarily from a weather station at the experimental field.…”

“…The experimental data presented here were also used in a modeling study of AgMIP-Wheat where canopy temperature models were evaluated for nine of the 30 wheat models used in Asseng et al (2015) (Webber et al, 2016) and in an earlier study where energy balance and canopy temperature simulated by the wheat model ecosys were evaluated (Grant et al, 2011). Measured canopy temperature and energy balance data were reported in Kimball et al (2018).…”

Experimental data from the Braunschweig FACE studies on wheat growth responses to elevated CO2 in combination with nitrogen supply or infrared warming during grain filling.

“…Experimental data from the Braunschweig FACE studies on wheat growth responses to elevated CO 2 in combination with nitrogen supply or infrared warming during grain filling 1 BACKGROUND: Climate change due to rising atmospheric CO2 concentration and associated increase in temperature, heat waves and drought periods will have important implications for global food production (IPCC, 2013). A variety of field studies have already been conducted to investigate the effect of elevated CO2 concentration (eCO2) on wheat and such resultant datasets (e.g., Kimball et al, 2017Kimball et al, , 2018 have been used by crop modelers to assess the effects of climate change on global wheat production (Rosenzweig et al, 2014;Asseng et al, 2019). However, there are still uncertainties particularly regarding the interaction of CO2 and N supply on wheat growth as well as the effect of eCO2 on plant N dynamics (Rosenzweig et al, 2014;Vanuytrecht & Thorburn, 2017).On the other hand, the beneficial effect of eCO2 on stomatal conductance has been well documented in many experiments (Ainsworth & Rogers, 2007).…”