Wheat Stem Sawfly (Hymenoptera: Cephidae): Damage and Detection

Morrill, Wendell L.; Gabor, Jámes W.; Kushnak, G. D.

doi:10.1093/jee/85.6.2413

Cited by 52 publications

(43 citation statements)

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“…Sawfly consumption of vascular tissues probably imposes physiological stress on the ears by reducing carbohydrates available for growth and respiration ( Morrill et al , 1992 ). An infested stem usually is darker beneath the nodes at ripening, which is potential evidence of carbohydrate accumulation ( Morrill et al , 1992 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wheat stem sawfly‐infested plants benefit from parasitism of the herbivorous larvae

Buteler

Weaver

Miller

2008

Agri and Forest Entomology

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1 Parasitoids Bracon cephi (Gahan) and Bracon lissogaster Muesebeck and their herbivorous host the wheat stem sawfly Cephus cinctus Norton, a pest of wheat Triticum aestivum , were investigated for yield in T. aestivum grown in the field. 2 Wheat stem sawfly-infested stems had a higher yield potential than uninfested stems. However, final reproductive output was not significantly different between ears on infested stems that supported complete larval development compared with ears on uninfested stems. 3 Stems containing parasitized larvae and stems containing larvae that died before completing their development had a higher mean number of seeds and seed weight, when accounting for number of fertile spikelets of each ear, than either infested with live larvae and uninfested stems. 4 The results obtained suggest that larval feeding prevented infested stems from attaining their yield potential, and that the negative impact of the pest on wheat yield was reduced when late instar sawfly larvae were parasitized. Even though some feeding occurs before parasitism, this early damage has a comparatively low impact on yield. 5 This is the first study to show a yield benefit and enhanced plant fitness due to the wheat stem sawfly parasitoids B. cephi and B. lissogaster . This results from the maintenance of increased seed number and seed weight in the higher yielding stems that are preferentially infested by this pest.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wheat stem sawfly‐infested plants benefit from parasitism of the herbivorous larvae

Buteler

Weaver

Miller

2008

Agri and Forest Entomology

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“…For example, oviposition preferences for larger plants have been observed in many insect species (Hopkins andWhittaker 1980, Ferrier andPrice 2004) and have been interpreted as a strategy to avoid resource limitation. The behavior of female wheat stem sawßies seem to support this hypothesis, because they select larger stems for oviposition (Farstad 1940, Youtie and Johnson 1988, Morrill et al 1992, Perez-Mendoza et al 2006). In turn, larvae have greater survival and mean weight in the preferred stems (Perez-Mendoza et al 2006).…”

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confidence: 91%

Oviposition Behavior of the Wheat Stem Sawfly When Encountering Plants Infested With Cryptic Conspecifics

2009

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Insect herbivores typically oviposit on the most suitable hosts, but choices can be modulated by detection of potential competition among conspecifics, especially when eggs are deposited cryptically. Larvae of the wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus Norton, developing within an already infested stem, experience elevated risk when only one will survive because of cannibalism. To increase our understanding of host selection when the choices made by females can lead to severe intraspecific competition, females were presented with either uninfested wheat plants or with plants previously exposed to other females in laboratory choice tests. The oviposition behavior of this insect was described by recording the behavioral sequences that lead to and follow the insertion of the ovipositor in both previously infested and uninfested stems. No significant differences were found in frequencies of specific behaviors or behavioral transitions associated with oviposition. In choice tests, there was no difference in the numbers of eggs laid in infested and uninfested plants. Taller plants received more eggs, irrespective of infestation. Females neither preferred nor avoided previously infested hosts. Other characteristics of the host, such as stem height, may be more important in determining suitability for oviposition. These findings support the use of management tactics relying on the manipulation of oviposition behavior, such as trap cropping. Given that there is no evidence for response to previously infested hosts, the infested plants in a trap crop would remain as suitable as they were when uninfested, which could also lead to an increase in mortality caused by intraspecific competition.

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“…Information available suggests that wheat stem sawßy oviposition behavior is most likely a catenary process involving different kinds of host Þnding cues and host acceptance cues (Ramaswamy 1988), similar to reported oviposition behaviors in other insects (Hattori 1988, Nottingham 1988). Within a host species, female wheat stem sawßy prefer the larger stems as oviposition sites (Holmes and Peterson 1960, Youtie and Johnson 1988, Morrill et al 1992, Perez-Mendoza et al 2006. Stem diameter seems to inßuence oviposition preference, but its importance in unclear given that stem diameter and height are highly correlated (Perez-Mendoza et al 2006).…”

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Cultivar Preferences of Ovipositing Wheat Stem Sawflies as Influenced by the Amount of Volatile Attractant

Weaver¹,

Buteler²,

Hofland³

et al. 2009

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The wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus Norton, causes severe losses in wheat grown in the northern Great Plains. Much of the affected area is planted in monoculture with wheat, Triticum aestivum L., grown in large fields alternating yearly between crop and no-till fallow. The crop and fallow fields are adjacent. This cropping landscape creates pronounced edge effects of sawfly infestations and may be amenable to trap cropping using existing agricultural practices. The behavioral preference for two wheat varieties was assessed in the context of developing trap crops for this insect. In field nurseries, stem lodging assessments indicated that the cultivar 'Conan' was infrequently damaged, whereas 'Reeder' was often heavily damaged. In laboratory choice and no-choice tests, 'Reeder' was significantly preferred by ovipositing wheat stem sawfly females. These two cultivars did not differ significantly in height or developmental stage, factors known to impact sawfly preference. Although Conan received fewer eggs than Reeder in no-choice tests, oviposition was further reduced in choice tests, indicating that females clearly preferred Reeder. In field trials where the overall dimensions of the spatial structure in choice tests was varied, females always selected Reeder over Conan in alternating block, row, and interseeded planting scenarios. Reeder releases greater amounts of the attractive compound, (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate than Conan but is similar to Conan for three other known, behaviorally active volatile compounds. The results are discussed in terms of cultivar selection for large scale trap crop experiments for the wheat stem sawfly.

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Wheat Stem Sawfly (Hymenoptera: Cephidae): Damage and Detection

Cited by 52 publications

References 0 publications

Wheat stem sawfly‐infested plants benefit from parasitism of the herbivorous larvae

Wheat stem sawfly‐infested plants benefit from parasitism of the herbivorous larvae

Oviposition Behavior of the Wheat Stem Sawfly When Encountering Plants Infested With Cryptic Conspecifics

Cultivar Preferences of Ovipositing Wheat Stem Sawflies as Influenced by the Amount of Volatile Attractant

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