Wheat Stem Sawfly (Hymenoptera: Cephidae) Revisited

Weiss, Michael J.; Morrill, Wendell L.

doi:10.1093/ae/38.4.241

Cited by 60 publications

(72 citation statements)

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“…The wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus Norton (Hymenoptera: Cephidae), is one of the most important pests of wheat, Triticum aestivum L. (Cyperales: Poaceae), especially in the Northern Great Plains of the United States and Canada (Weiss & Morill, 1992;Morill et al, 1993). Annual losses from this pest exceed $600 million (Beres et al, 2011).…”

Section: Inroductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efficacy of Entomopathogenic Fungi and Nematodes, and Low Risk Insecticides Against Wheat Stem Sawfly, Cephus cinctus (Hymenoptera: Cephidae)

Tangtrakulwanich¹,

Reddy²,

Wu³

et al. 2014

JAS

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Entomopathogenic nematodes, fungi, and low risk insecticides were evaluated for the management of the wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus Norton, in winter wheat at two locations (Devon and Western Triangle Ag Research center) in the Golden Triangle area of Montana (USA) in 2013. Two fungi (Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium brunneum), four nematodes species (Steinernema carpocapsae, Steinernema kraussei, Steinernema feltiae, and Heterorthabditis bacteriophora), an insect growth regulator (diflubenzuron/dimilin), and a botanical-based chemical (azadirachtin/Aza-direct) were used as foliar sprays. These control agents significantly reduced damage caused by C. cinctus larvae, compared to the untreated control or treatment with water alone. No yield differences were observed among entomopathogenic fungi, nematodes, and low risk insecticides. The effectiveness of azadirachtin, diflubenzuron, the entomopathogenic fungi, and the nematodes persisted at the 28 th day post application, by which time the wheat had been harvested. Stubbles collected after harvest showed significantly fewer sawfly larvae in the plots treated with entomopathogenic fungi, nematodes, diflubenzuron, and azadirachtin compared to the untreated and water spray plots, indicating that these biorational pesticides have potential to be used as alternatives to conventional pesticides for controlling the wheat stem sawfly larvae.

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Section: Inroductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Annual losses from this pest exceed $600 million (Beres et al, 2011). Sawfly larvae overwinter underground in dead stubbles, and adults emerge in late spring (Ainslie, 1929;Weiss & Morill, 1992;Gress et al, 2013). Males are haploid with nine chromosomes and typically emerge before females (Holmes, 1979).…”

Section: Inroductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Entomopathogenic Fungi and Nematodes, and Low Risk Insecticides Against Wheat Stem Sawfly, Cephus cinctus (Hymenoptera: Cephidae)

Tangtrakulwanich¹,

Reddy²,

Wu³

et al. 2014

JAS

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“…In marked, but perhaps expected contrast, oviposition by a stem lumen feeding insect had minor influence on volatile production, perhaps because the larvae or eggs died quickly. Oviposition by this species causes a minor wound and feeding by small larvae on parenchyma lining the stem commences approximately 5 days after egg deposition (Weiss et al 1992) In this experiment the abundance of linalool, ß-farnesene, ß-caryophyllene, and 4-heptanone was visibly greater than for control plants, but significant variation could be explained by experimental treatments only for linalool, ß-caryophyllene, and 4-heptanone. In experiments studying peanut plant volatiles released in response to white mold infection disease and feeding by caterpillars showed no inhibition of the amounts of volatiles induced by fungi (Cardoza et al 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…The wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus Norton (Hymenoptera: Cephidae), is a major pest of wheat, Triticum aestivum L, in the northern Great Plains of the United States and the Canada (Weiss et al 1992;Weaver et al 2004;Weaver et al 2005). The annual losses caused by this insect exceeded $25 million in recent years in Montana (Weaver et al 2004;Nansen et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Crop damage is also caused by other related species, including decreased net kernel weight, plus reduced yield and quality and has worsened in recent years (Huang et al 2003), indicating that members of the Cephidae are a concern in many parts of the world. Understanding the chemical ecology of C. cinctus Cossé et al 2002) could lead to new, environmentally friendly approaches for reducing agricultural losses, especially since insecticides are ineffective against larvae inside the wheat stem and adult emergence is difficult to predict (Weiss et al 1992;Morrill et al 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Fusarium and Wheat Stem Sawfly Infestation on Volatile Compounds Production by Wheat Plants

Piesik¹,

Wenda-Piesik²,

Weaver³

et al. 2009

Journal of Plant Protection Research

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Plants that were infested by the wheat stem sawfly emitted significantly increased amounts of the secondary metabolites linalool, linalool oxide, ß-farnesene, ß-caryophyllene, and 4-heptanone in comparison to uninfested plants. Wheat plants parasitized by Fusarium species also have emitted volatiles. The amount of volatiles released varied by infective species of Fusarium and volatile patterns varied over time for both sawfly infestation and pathogen infection. Plants that were stressed by both herbivory and pathogens emitted even greater amounts of certain volatiles. Surprisingly, larval sawfly mortality was much greater in plants infected by Fusarium species, and both mortality and the rate of volatile release varied by Fusarium. The role of these plant volatiles are further discussed in the context of defensive plant responses to Fusarium and sawfly infestation.

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