Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Reaction to New Bifunctional Carbamate Compounds

Abstract

Extreme environmental conditions increase the risk of abiotic stresses in plants, which reduce productivity of land. The investigation and developmentof synthetic approach to new antistress compounds, increasing the resistance of plants to negative factors, are relevant to the present. The objective of this study was to synthesize and to test the effect of a series of new carbamate and oxamate plant growth regulators on early vegetation processes of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Three independent series of experiments were conducted using lipophilic compounds N-(2,4-Dimethylphenyl)-N’-i-propoxycarbonylaminoethylurea (1) and O-Isopropyl-N-[2-(4-methylphenylaminocarbonyloxy)etyl]oxamate (2) and water-soluble compounds O-i-Propyl-N-(2-hydroxyethylamino)carbamate (3) and O-i-Propyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)oxamate (4). Strong stimulating effect on shoots and roots growth in the wheat was found for all studied compounds in all experiments. The highest germination rate (89.6-96.3%) was registered for compound 4. The use of the studied substances 1, 3 and 4 in all cases leads to significant increase in the Seedling Vigor Index (SVI). The high energy index of compounds 3 and 4 can lead to increased photosynthesis and, as a result, to an increase in crop yield. Based on the data obtained on the values of relative water content (RWC) indicators and their components, it can be assumed that all plants after treatment with substances 1-4 are able to tolerate unfavorable weather phenomena. Experimental results show that the percentage of plant recovery after resuming watering was 84-100%. Thus, the data obtained indicate that the synthesized compounds exhibit antistress and growth regulatory activity.

Anti-Proliferative and Cytoprotective Activity of Aryl Carbamate and Aryl Urea Derivatives with Alkyl Groups and Chlorine as Substituents

“…Another class of synthetic cytokinin analogs contain urea and carbamate moieties with an ethylene linker. Among them, the oxalylaryl carbamates ( Figure 1 , Structure II ) have anti-stress growth-regulatory activity for crops [ 9 , 10 ], and ethylene diurea (EDU, Figure 1 , III ) has ozone protective properties [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ].…”

New Hybrid Ethylenediurea (EDU) Derivatives and Their Phytoactivity

“…Severe drying and aging of leaves are observed at RWC values below 20% [ 3 , 31 ]. Higher RWC values are an indicator of drought tolerance [ 35 , 36 ].…”

Evaluation of potential and rate of the germination of wheat seeds (Triticum aestivum L) treated with bifunctional growth regulators under water stress

“…Spraying was carried out according to the methodology from (Kalistratova et al, 2021). After soaking and spraying, the seeds were covered with filter paper and filled with 10 ml of distilled water.…”

“…In recent years, a large number of natural and synthetic plant growth regulators (PGR) with a wide range of biological, including cytokinin, activity have been tested, which increase the productivity of cultivated plants due to structural similarity with natural plant hormones and resistance to a complex of unfavorable environmental factors (Oshchepkov et al, 2020;Ishihara et al, 2019;Oh and Hoshi, 2019;Nakagawa et al, 2021). The data obtained as a result of biological tests (Kalistratova et al, 2021) indicate that the synthesized bifunctional compounds of a number of carbamates and oxamates have pronounced antistress and regulatory activity. The active ingredients soften the shell of wheat seeds, penetrate into the grain and activate physiological processes, promoting an increase in germination, growth of shoots, roots and improving resistance to water stress.…”

“…The aim of this work is to determine the optimal concentrations of compounds I and II, as well as the treatment methods under which the germination potential, germination rate of wheat seeds (Triticum aestivum L), as well as resistance to water stress will be maximally possible. O-i-Propyl-N-(2-hydroxyethylamino)carbamate I was synthesized according to procedure described before (Sheshenev et al, 2020) and O-i-Propyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl) oxamate II obtained by analogy with reference (Kalistratova et al, 2021) and used at concentrations 10 -3 , 10 -4 and 10 -5 M (T 1 -T 3 for I and T 4 -T 6 for II), respectively.…”