Wheat Varietal Response to Tilletia controversa J. G. Kühn Using qRT-PCR and Laser Confocal Microscopy

Chen, Delai; Muhae-Ud-Din, Ghulam; Liu, Taiguo; Chen, Wanquan; Liu, Changzhong; Gao, Li

doi:10.3390/genes12030425

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Pathogenesis-related genes have key roles in the plant defense system against fungal pathogen infection ( Sels et al, 2008 ). Based on the literature, thaumatin, chitinase, peroxidase, glucanase, and PR-10 enhance resistance to T. controversa and F. pseudograminearum in wheat ( Desmond et al, 2008 ; Muhae-Ud-Din et al, 2020b ; Chen et al, 2021 ), and Ustilaginoidea virens in rice ( Han et al, 2015 ). Consistent with our findings, PR genes in wheat have been induced by T. controversa ( Ren et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on comparative transcriptomic analysis, many mycoblastosis (MYB) transcription factors and defense-related genes ( Thilmony et al, 2006 ; Mukherjee et al, 2010 ; Proietti et al, 2013 ) were found to be involved in defense mechanisms and in primary and secondary resistance-associated signal transduction paths of plants. For example, defense-related genes were found to be significantly upregulated in wheat after T. controversa inoculation ( Ren et al, 2020 ), phytohormone-related genes were upregulated in potato after Ralstonia solanacearum ( Zuluaga et al, 2015 ), and MYB transcription factor families were upregulated in wheat after T. controversa ( Chen et al, 2021 ) and R. cerealis infections ( Shan et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transcriptomics Analysis of Wheat Tassel Response to Tilletia laevis Kühn, Which Causes Common Bunt of Wheat

Ren

Muhae-Ud-Din

et al. 2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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Tilletia laevis Kühn [synonym T. foetida (Wallr.) Liro] can lead to a wheat common bunt, which is one of the most serious diseases affecting kernels, a serious reduction in grain yield, and losses can reach up to 80% in favorable environments. To understand how wheat tassels respond to T. laevis, based on an RNA-Seq technology, we analyzed a host transcript accumulation on healthy wheat tassels and on tassels infected by the pathogen. Our results showed that 7,767 out of 15,658 genes were upregulated and 7,891 out of 15,658 genes were downregulated in wheat tassels. Subsequent gene ontology (GO) showed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) are predominantly involved in biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions. Additionally, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis showed that 20 pathways were expressed significantly during the infection of wheat with T. laevis, while biosynthesis of amino acids, carbon metabolism, and starch and sucrose metabolism pathways were more highly expressed. Our findings also demonstrated that genes involved in defense mechanisms and myeloblastosis (MYB) transcription factor families were mostly upregulated, and the RNA-seq results were validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). This is the first report on transcriptomics analysis of wheat tassels in response to T. laevis, which will contribute to understanding the interaction of T. laevis and wheat, and may provide higher efficiency control strategies, including developing new methods to increase the resistance of wheat crops to T. laevis-caused wheat common bunt.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptomics Analysis of Wheat Tassel Response to Tilletia laevis Kühn, Which Causes Common Bunt of Wheat

Ren

Muhae-Ud-Din

et al. 2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…After recording the fluorescence spectral data of the fresh leaves, the samples of the healthy, symptomatic and asymptomatic leaves were assessed using laser scanning confocal Confocal scanning laser microscopy is a powerful tool that provides structural information in time and space both at the tissue and atomic levels [106] and has numerous applications in the plant science including the studies on plant-pathogen interactions, pathogen infection strategies, fungal structures, plant defense responses and plant disease diagnostics. Confocal microscopy has been reported to be successfully used in wheat, for example (1) early detection of leaf rust [107] and blast and Fusarium head blight [108], (2) to study wheat-Tilletia controversa (dwarf bunt) interaction [109], and (3) to examine tissue localization and spatial distribution of protein and phenolic constituents [110][111][112].…”

Section: Fluorescence Confocal Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Early detection of stripe rust infection in wheat using light-induced fluorescence spectroscopy

Atta

Saleem

Bilal

et al. 2022

Photochem Photobiol Sci

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In the current study, the application of fluorescence spectroscopy along with the advanced statistical technique and confocal microscopy was investigated for the early detection of stripe rust infection in wheat grown under field conditions. The indigenously developed Fluorosensor fitted with LED, emitting monochromatic light was used that covered comparatively larger leaf area for recording fluorescence data thus presenting more reliable current status of the leaf. The examined leaf samples covered the entire range of stripe rust disease infection from no visible symptoms to the complete disease prevalence. The molecular changes were also assessed in the leaves as the disease progresses. The emission spectra mainly produce two fluorescence emission classes, namely the blue-green fluorescence (400-600 nm range) and chlorophyll fluorescence (650-800 nm range). The chlorophyll fluorescence region showed lower chlorophyll bands both at 685 and 735 nm in the asymptomatic (early diseased) and symptomatic (diseased) leaf samples than the healthy ones as a result of partial deactivation of PSII reaction centers. The 735 nm chlorophyll fluorescence band was either slight or completely absent in the leaf samples with lower to higher disease incidence and thus differentiate between the healthy and the infected leaf samples. The Hydroxycinnamic acids (caffeic and sinapic acids) showed decreasing trend, whereas the ferulic acid increased with the rise in disease infection. Peak broadening/shifting has been observed in case of ferulic acid and carotenes/carotenoids, with the increase in the disease intensity. While using the LEDs (365 nm), the peak broadening and the decline in the chlorophyll fluorescence bands could be used for the early prediction of stripe rust disease in wheat crop. The PLSR statistical techniques discriminated well between the healthy and the diseased samples, thus showed promise in early disease detection. Confocal microscopy confirmed the early prevalence of stripe rust disease infection in a susceptible variety at a stage when the disease is not detectable visually. It is inferred that fluorescence emission spectroscopy along with the chemometrics aided in the effective and timely diagnosis of plant diseases and the detected signatures provide the basis for remote sensing.

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“…Yield losses caused by these diseases can reach 70–80% or total loss of wheat production in a severe attack [ 4 , 5 ]. DBW and CBW cause leaf flecking, extreme dwarfing, increased tillering and reduced quality and quantity of kernels by releasing bunt ball teliospores [ 6 , 7 , 8 ] and are mostly noted in cold wheat growing regions of world [ 9 ]. Both diseases have been reported to be as high in China, USA and other wheat growing areas [ 2 , 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ITRAQ-Based Proteomic Analysis of Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Spikes in Response to Tilletia controversa Kühn and Tilletia foetida Kühn Infection, Causal Organisms of Dwarf Bunt and Common Bunt of Wheat

Muhae-Ud-Din

et al. 2022

Biology

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Dwarf bunt and common bunt diseases of wheat are caused by Tilletia controversa Kühn and Tilletia foetida Kühn, respectively, and losses caused by these diseases can reach 70–80% in favourable conditions. T. controversa and T. foetida are fungal pathogens belonging to the Exobasidiomycetes within the basidiomycetous smut fungi (Ustilaginomycotina). In order to illuminate the proteomics differences of wheat spikes after the infection of T. controversa and T. foetida, the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) technique was used for better clarification. A total of 4553 proteins were differentially detected after T. controversa infection; 4100 were upregulated, and 453 were downregulated. After T. foetida infection, 804 differentially expressed proteins were detected; 447 were upregulated and 357 were downregulated. In-depth data analysis revealed that 44, 50 and 82 proteins after T. controversa and 9, 6 and 16 proteins after T. foetida were differentially expressed, which are antioxidant, plant-pathogen interaction and glutathione proteins, respectively, and 9 proteins showed results consistent with PRM. The top 20 KEGG enrichment pathways were identified after pathogen infection. On the basis of gene ontology, the upregulated proteins were linked with metabolic process, catalytic activity, transferase activity, photosynthetic membrane, extracellular region and oxidoreductase activity. The results expanded our understanding of the proteome in wheat spikes in response to T. controversa and T. foetida infection and provide a basis for further investigation for improving the defense mechanism of the wheat crops.

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Wheat Varietal Response to Tilletia controversa J. G. Kühn Using qRT-PCR and Laser Confocal Microscopy

Cited by 6 publications

References 65 publications

Transcriptomics Analysis of Wheat Tassel Response to Tilletia laevis Kühn, Which Causes Common Bunt of Wheat

Transcriptomics Analysis of Wheat Tassel Response to Tilletia laevis Kühn, Which Causes Common Bunt of Wheat

Early detection of stripe rust infection in wheat using light-induced fluorescence spectroscopy

ITRAQ-Based Proteomic Analysis of Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Spikes in Response to Tilletia controversa Kühn and Tilletia foetida Kühn Infection, Causal Organisms of Dwarf Bunt and Common Bunt of Wheat

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