“…The features used to describe the worn wheel and rail profile shape included hollow wear, gauge side false flange height, gauge side false flange gradient, hollow wear position relative to the taping line and the rail gauge corner deviation at -15° ( Figure 8). These features are consistent with those defined by Fröhling et al [5], except for the maximum hollow wear position. When a bogie is well aligned and runs true, with only small differences in wheel diameters, it will result in a maximum hollow wear position close to the taping line.…”