When and how do explicit measures of food craving predict implicit food evaluation? A moderated mediation model

Richard, Anna; Meule, Adrian; Blechert, Jens

doi:10.1016/j.foodqual.2018.01.018

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The lack of association between AB and BMI is also consistent with Field et al (2016), who postulated that within-subject differences in motivational state and momentary evaluations of food-related cues may be more influential determinants of AB than more stable between-subject characteristics, such as individual differences in body weight (see also Richard et al, 2018). In this way, the effects of the former may mask the effects of the latter thus explaining the null association between food AB and BMI in the current results.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…In support of this idea, a recent study found that higher state chocolate craving was associated with more positive implicit evaluation of chocolate (assessed using an implicit association task) when current hunger was also high. However trait chocolate craving was only indirectly associated with implicit evaluation via its association with state craving (Richard, Meule, & Blechert, 2018).…”

Section: A Novel Theoretical Perspectivementioning

confidence: 94%

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Food-related attentional bias and its associations with appetitive motivation and body weight: A systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2021

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Theoretical models suggest that food-related visual attentional bias (AB) may be related to appetitive motivational states and individual differences in body weight; however, findings in this area are equivocal. We conducted a systematic review and series of metaanalyses to determine if there is a positive association between food-related AB and: (1.) body mass index (BMI) (number of effect sizes (k)=110), (2.) hunger (k=98), (3.) subjective craving for food (k=35), and (4.) food intake (k=44). Food-related AB was robustly associated with craving (r = .134 (95% CI .061, .208); p < .001), food intake (r = .085 (95% CI .038, .132); p < .001), and hunger (r = .048 (95% CI .016, .079); p = .003), but these correlations were small. Food-related AB was unrelated to BMI (r =.008 (95% CI-.020, .035); p = .583) and this result was not moderated by type of food stimuli, method of AB assessment, or the subcomponent of AB that was examined. Furthermore, in a betweengroups analysis (k = 22) which directly compared participants with overweight/obesity to healthy-weight control groups, there was no evidence for an effect of weight status on foodrelated AB (Hedge's g = 0.104, (95% CI-0.050, 0.258); p =.186). Taken together, these findings suggest that food-related AB is sensitive to changes in the motivational value of food, but is unrelated to individual differences in body weight. Our findings question the traditional view of AB as a trait-like index of preoccupation with food and have implications for novel theoretical perspectives on the role of food AB in appetite control and obesity.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: A Novel Theoretical Perspectivementioning

confidence: 94%

Food-related attentional bias and its associations with appetitive motivation and body weight: A systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2021

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“…For example, higher scores on the chocolate-adapted FCQ-S related to more positive evaluations of chocolate-containing foods in implicit measures such as the Affect Misattribution Procedure and the Implicit Association Test [97]. When examining interactive effects between the chocolate craving and the hunger subscale, it was found that higher chocolate craving related to more positive evaluations of chocolate only in hungry participants [98]. Moreover, higher scores on the chocolate craving subscale-but not on the hunger subscale-predicted higher chocolate consumption in the laboratory [93].…”

Section: Chocolate Version Of the Food Cravings Questionnaire-statementioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, studies may investigate whether providing clear definitions of and highlighting the differences between both constructs in the questionnaire's instructions lead to a clearer differentiation (e.g., with increases only in food craving during food cue exposure and hunger scores remaining stable). Furthermore, it may be worthwhile to examine interactive effects between food craving and hunger when predicting food consumption or other outcome variables, which have rarely been considered in the extant literature [98].…”

Section: Craving Vs Hungermentioning

confidence: 99%

Twenty Years of the Food Cravings Questionnaires: a Comprehensive Review

Meule

2020

Curr Addict Rep

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Purpose of Review The Food Cravings Questionnaires (FCQs; Cepeda-Benito, Gleaves, Williams, & Erath, 2000) are among the most widely used instruments for measuring food cravings. In addition to the Food Cravings Questionnaire-Trait (FCQ-T) and the Food Cravings Questionnaire-State (FCQ-S), several modified versions have been developed as well. For their 20th anniversary, this article provides a comprehensive description of the FCQs and reviews studies on their psychometric properties and correlates. Recent Findings The FCQs and their modified versions have excellent internal reliability. Expectedly, the FCQ-T (and its derivatives) has higher retest-reliability than the FCQ-S as the FCQ-S is sensitive to situational changes such as food deprivation and food intake. However, while the FCQ-T is largely unaffected by such momentary states, it is also sensitive to change during weight-loss treatments and other interventions. Factor structure of the FCQ-T and FCQ-S has only partially been replicated. Construct validity of the FCQs is supported by experimental and longitudinal studies that measured food craving and food consumption in the laboratory and with ecological momentary assessment. Summary Numerous studies support reliability and validity of the FCQs and their modified versions, yet findings about their factor structures are inconsistent. Thus, using total scores or the short versions of the FCQs may be preferable.

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“…Instead, a simulated social context influences the effect an object's valence has on the automatic activation of the motoric system. In the same manner, nonconscious processes such as implicit attitudes and craving tendencies can influence each other (Richard et al, 2018) as well as jointly impact consumption (Richard et al, 2019).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Casual snacking as an automatic process: a grounded cognition framework

Teichert

Wörfel²,

Ackermann

2020

BFJ

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PurposeSnacking typically occurs as an automatic, consciously uncontrolled process which can lead to unintended health consequences. Grounded cognition informs about the multifaceted drivers of such automatic consumption processes. By integrating situation-, stimulus-, and person-specific factors, this study provides a holistic account of snacking.Design/methodology/approachA combined psychophysiological and behavioral experiment is conducted wherein participants can casually snack chocolate while participating in a survey setting. Implicit cognitions are assessed with the Implicit Association Test. The percentage of consumed chocolate serves as dependent variable in a Tobit regression with predictors at situation, stimulus and person level.FindingsChocolate snacking is positively influenced by personal craving tendencies, implicit food associations and situational contingency. We condense the results into an overarching framework in line with grounded cognition literature.Practical implicationsThe multidimensional framework can guide consumer protection efforts to reduce excessive snacking habits based on situation, stimulus and person.Originality/valueThis study integrates theory from social cognition, consumer research, and behavioral food research and, thereby, extends the existing body of knowledge on grounded cognitions underlying snacking consumption.

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When and how do explicit measures of food craving predict implicit food evaluation? A moderated mediation model

Cited by 11 publications

References 47 publications

Food-related attentional bias and its associations with appetitive motivation and body weight: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Food-related attentional bias and its associations with appetitive motivation and body weight: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Twenty Years of the Food Cravings Questionnaires: a Comprehensive Review

Casual snacking as an automatic process: a grounded cognition framework

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