When and where plant‐soil feedback may promote plant coexistence: a meta‐analysis

Crawford, Kerri M.; Bauer, Jonathan T.; Comita, Liza S.; Eppinga, Maarten B.; Johnson, Daniel J.; Mangan, Scott A.; Queenborough, Simon A.; Strand, Allan E.; Suding, Katharine N.; Umbanhowar, James; Bever, James D.

doi:10.1111/ele.13278

Cited by 239 publications

(389 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…We found strong evidence that negative feedbacks caused by species-specific effects of non-AMF microbes dominated in our system, but feedbacks caused by AMF communities were largely absent (Crawford et al 2019). We found strong evidence that negative feedbacks caused by species-specific effects of non-AMF microbes dominated in our system, but feedbacks caused by AMF communities were largely absent (Crawford et al 2019).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

“…Urochloa grass dominates our pastures and is known to be a highly invasive weed in citrus and coffee plantations (Almeida-Neto et al 2010). Instead, pathogens can co-evolve species specificity with nonnative plants if established in their new ranges for a prolonged time, such as agricultural plant species which accumulate heavy loads of soil pathogens (Nijjer et al 2007, Liu et al 2015, Perkins et al 2016, Crawford et al 2019. Instead, pathogens can co-evolve species specificity with nonnative plants if established in their new ranges for a prolonged time, such as agricultural plant species which accumulate heavy loads of soil pathogens (Nijjer et al 2007, Liu et al 2015, Perkins et al 2016, Crawford et al 2019.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Negative plant–soil feedbacks are stronger in agricultural habitats than in forest fragments in the tropical Andes

Pizano

Kitajima

Graham

et al. 2019

Ecology

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There is now strong evidence suggesting that interactions between plants and their species-specific antagonistic microbes can maintain native plant community diversity. In contrast, the decay in diversity in plant communities invaded by nonnative plant species might be caused by weakening negative feedback strengths, perhaps because of the increased relative importance of plant mutualists such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Although the vast majority of studies examining plant-soil feedbacks have been conducted in a single habitat type, there are fewer studies that have tested how the strength and direction of these feedbacks change across habitats with differing dominating plants. In a fragmented montane agricultural system in Colombia, we experimentally teased apart the relative importance of AMF and non-AMF microbes (a microbial filtrate) to the strength and direction of feedbacks in both native and nonnative plant species. We hypothesized that native tree species of forest fragments would exhibit stronger negative feedbacks with a microbial filtrate that likely contained pathogens than with AMF alone, whereas nonnative plant species, especially a highly invasive dominant grass, would exhibit overall weaker negative feedbacks or even positive feedbacks regardless of the microbial type. We reciprocally inoculated each of 10 plant species separately with either the AMF community or the microbial filtrate originating from their own conspecifics, or with the AMF or microbial filtrate originating from each of the other nine heterospecific plant species. Overall, we found that the strength of negative feedback mediated by the filtrate was much stronger than feedbacks mediated by AMF. Surprisingly, we found that the two nonnative species, Urochloa brizantha and Coffea arabica, experienced stronger negative feedbacks with microbial filtrate than did the native forest tree species, suggesting that species-specific antagonistic microbes accumulate when a single host species dominates, as is the case in agricultural habitats. However, negative feedback between forest trees and agricultural species suggests that soil community dynamics may contribute to the re-establishment of native species into abandoned agricultural lands. Furthermore, our finding of no negative feedbacks among trees in forest fragments may be due to a loss in diversity of those microbes that drive diversity-maintaining processes in intact tropical forests.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Negative plant–soil feedbacks are stronger in agricultural habitats than in forest fragments in the tropical Andes

Pizano

Kitajima

Graham

et al. 2019

Ecology

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“…For example, the presence of soil mutualists that help plants uptake nutrients can more than double the amount of biomass produced in grasslands (Vogelsang et al ; van der Heijden et al ). At the same time, soil microbes can increase plant diversity and foster plant species coexistence by decreasing the performance of dominant plant species, for example through the accumulation of species‐specific pathogens (Bever et al , ; Crawford et al ). As the largest pool of biomass in the soil, microbes also play a key role in soil aggregation (Degens ; Blankinship et al ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Soil microbes strongly influence plant productivity, community dynamics, and soil development in natural systems (Degens 1997;Reynolds et al 2003;van der Heijden et al 2008;Crawford et al 2019). For example, the presence of soil mutualists that help plants uptake nutrients can more than double the amount of biomass produced in grasslands (Vogelsang et al 2006;van der Heijden et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the same time, soil microbes can increase plant diversity and foster Author contributions: KMC designed the research; KMC, MHB established the experiment; KMC, MHB, HL, NCL collected data; KMC analyzed the data; KMC wrote the manuscript; MHB, HL, NCL edited the manuscript. plant species coexistence by decreasing the performance of dominant plant species, for example through the accumulation of species-specific pathogens (Bever et al 1997Crawford et al 2019). As the largest pool of biomass in the soil, microbes also play a key role in soil aggregation (Degens 1997;Blankinship et al 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Native soil microbial amendments generate trade‐offs in plant productivity, diversity, and soil stability in coastal dune restorations

Crawford

Busch

Locke

et al. 2019

Restoration Ecology

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Given the important role that soil microbes play in structuring plant communities and mediating ecosystem functions, there is growing interest in harnessing microbial communities to restore degraded ecosystems. Dune restorations, in particular, may benefit from native soil amendments because microbial diversity and abundance are very low in unvegetated areas. In an outdoor mesocosm experiment simulating Texas Gulf Coast dune restorations, we tested how native soil microbial amendments and restored diversity of foundational grasses influenced three key restoration responses: plant performance, plant diversity (including the colonization of native forbs), and soil stability. We found that native microbial amendments increased plant diversity and have the potential to increase soil stability, but this came at the cost of decreased plant biomass. Our results suggest that soil enemies in the native microbial amendments increased plant diversity by decreasing the performance of the dominant grass species and that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the native microbial amendments increased the density of fungal hyphae in the soil, which can increase soil stability. Depending on the goals of the restoration, native soil microbial amendments may be a simple and inexpensive method to provide restoration benefits.

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Genetic relatedness can alter the strength of plant–soil interactions

Clark,

Gallagher,

Canam

et al. 2024

American J of Botany

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PremiseIntraspecific variation may play a key role in shaping the relationships between plants and their interactions with soil microbial communities. The soil microbes of individual plants can generate intraspecific variation in the responsiveness of the plant offspring, yet have been much less studied. To address this need, we explored how the relatedness of seedlings from established clones of Solidago altissima altered the plant–soil interactions of the seedlings.MethodsSeedlings of known parentage were generated from a series of 24 clones grown in a common garden. Seedlings from these crosses were inoculated with soils from maternal, paternal, or unrelated clones and their performance compared to sterilized control inocula.ResultsWe found that soil inocula influenced by S. altissima clones had an overall negative effect on seedling biomass. Furthermore, seedlings inoculated with maternal or paternal soils tended to experience larger negative effects than seedlings inoculated with unrelated soils. However, there was much variation among individual crosses, with not all responding to relatedness.ConclusionsOur data argue that genetic relatedness to the plant from which the soil microbial inoculum was obtained may cause differential impacts on establishing seedlings, encouraging the regeneration of non‐kin adjacent to established clones. Such intraspecific variation represents a potentially important source of heterogeneity in plant–soil microbe interactions with implications for maintaining population genetic diversity.

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When and where plant‐soil feedback may promote plant coexistence: a meta‐analysis

Cited by 239 publications

References 95 publications

Negative plant–soil feedbacks are stronger in agricultural habitats than in forest fragments in the tropical Andes

Negative plant–soil feedbacks are stronger in agricultural habitats than in forest fragments in the tropical Andes

Native soil microbial amendments generate trade‐offs in plant productivity, diversity, and soil stability in coastal dune restorations

Genetic relatedness can alter the strength of plant–soil interactions

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