When Changing the Hay Makes a Difference: A Series of Case Reports

Cavallini, Damiano; Penazzi, Livio; Valle, Emanuela; Raspa, Federica; Bergero, Domenico; Formigoni, Andrea; Fusaro, Isa

doi:10.1016/j.jevs.2022.103940

Cited by 28 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“… a TMR Ingredients: 38.0% grass hay [the quality of the hay was checked according to Cavallini et al ( 32 )], 4.0% straw, 24.0% steam-flaked corn, 4.0% cane-beet molasses blend n , and 30.0% feed mix [29%af sorghum meal, 29%af wheat bran, 22%af soybean meal (44%CP), 15%af soy full fat flaked, 2%af calcium carbonate, 1%af sodium bentonite, 1%af NaCl, 0.25%af magnesium oxide, 0.24%af microminerals, 0.01%af vitamins ADE.]. b Amylase- and sodium sulfite-treated NDF with ash correction.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of fecal sampling time points to estimate apparent nutrient digestibility in lactating Holstein dairy cows

et al. 2023

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IntroductionThe aim of this study was the evaluation of nutrient excretion patterns in samples of feces collected every 2 h to define the best sampling protocol for estimation of apparent digestibility.MethodsFour multiparous mid-lactation Holstein cows, housed in a tie stall barn and milked twice a day (0800; 1900 h), were enrolled. Dry total mixed ration (TMR) without silages was fed once (0800 h) per day. Feces were sampled every 2 h for 72 h. Each sample was divided in 3 portions: hourly sample sample (8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 00, 2, 4, 6), 8-h composite sample (00–06, 08–14 and 16–22), and a 24-h composite sample. Complete chemical analyses were performed and total tract nutrient digestibility was calculated using undegraded neutral detergent fiber at 240 h of in vitro fermentation (uNDF240h) as a marker. Feeding and rumination patterns were also recorded during the trial.Results and discussionFor some parameters, excretion was not constant throughout the day: neutral detergent fiber (aNDFom), undegraded neutral detergent fiber at 24 h of in vitro fermentation (uNDF24h), uDNF240h, total tract crude protein digestibility (TTCPD), total tract neutral detergent fiber digestibility (TTaNDFomD), total tract potentially degraded neutral detergent fiber at 240 h of in vitro fermentation digestibility (TTpdNDF240hD) with minimal values after new TMR delivery and maximal values 12 h after feed delivery. Feeding and ruminating behavior seemed to have an important role in the excretion pattern, due to the pushing and evacuating effect they have. Considering our results, two fecal samples at 12 and 24 h after the TMR delivery are suggested. For one daily sample, 12 h post time of most stable and constant rumination 0000–0600 h, which is also 8 h post feed delivery is suggested.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of fecal sampling time points to estimate apparent nutrient digestibility in lactating Holstein dairy cows

et al. 2023

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“…Furthermore, it is important to note that the cows used in the three experiments had different diets, which could lead to varying intake levels. Factors such as hay quality [29], feed additive usage [30], and forage quality [31] have been shown to potentially alter the intake patterns of production animals. It is widely recognized that a diverse database can enhance the predictive capacity and comprehensiveness of the generated equations, as noted in recent studies [32][33][34][35][36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mathematical Models to Predict Dry Matter Intake and Milk Production by Dairy Cows Managed under Tropical Conditions

et al. 2023

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This study aimed to create an equation to predict dry matter intake (DMI) and milk production and N-ureic in the milk of dairy cows managed in tropical conditions in Brazil. We used 113 observations from three experiments using lactating Jersey, Girolando, and Holstein cows. The goodness of fit of the developed equations was evaluated using the coefficients of determination (r2) and root mean square error (RMSE). There was a positive correlation between body weight and milk yield (MY) of r = 0.73. The equation considered DMI to be the most important variable to estimate the MY (r2 = 0.65). Four equations were adjusted to estimate the DMI, where, by a stepwise procedure, the first variable included in the equation was the neutral detergent fibre intake, which explained 92% of the DMI of the cows. However, when the variables BW, MY, and milk fat were included in the equation, there was a reduction of 0.06 in RMSE and an increase in precision (r2 = 0.94). The nutrient intake, milk production, and characteristics prediction equations present satisfactory precision and accuracy for dairy cows managed in tropical conditions in Brazil.

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“…Forage that has been cut from pasture in a vegetative state is higher in energy and protein content and lower in fibre than forage cut from a mature sward, but to determine its full nutritional value as a nutrient for horses, a full nutritional analysis is needed [ 12 ]. Even hay cut from the same paddock can differ in nutritional value [ 8 ], especially if cut at different times of the year [ 13 ]. Routine feed analyses classify fibre in feedstuffs as acid detergent fibre (ADF) or neutral detergent fibre (NDF).…”

Section: Understanding Fibre Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Fibre Requirements of Horses and the Consequences and Causes of Failure to Meet Them

Ermers

McGilchrist²,

Fenner

et al. 2023

Animals

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Failure to meet the minimum forage requirement of 1.5% of the horse’s bodyweight and the opportunity for foraging for a minimum of 8 h a day (not going without this opportunity longer than four to five consecutive hours) can have both physiological and behavioural consequences. To provide an energy source for horses, rations often include starch rather than fibre. This can result in health issues related to the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) in the horse. In the stomach, the main concern is equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS) and, more specifically, equine squamous gastric disease (ESGD). Ulcerations are caused either by increasing acidity in the stomach (from starch ingestion and reduced saliva production) or splashing of acidic juices caused by a lack of a forage barrier prior to exercise or prolonged periods without fibrous feed intake, which allows the stomach to collapse and spread acidic gastric fluids into the upper squamous regions of the stomach. In the hindgut, starch that has escaped digestion in the small intestine causes microbial instability and increased production of volatile fatty acids (VFA) and lactic acid. This puts horses at great risk for acidosis and subsequent laminitis. Shifts in the hindgut microbiota will also affect a horse’s behaviour via the gut-brain axis, as well as potentially compromise immune function. Reduced fluid intake caused by reduced saliva production can result in colic. Choosing a fibrous alternative for starch in a high-energy diet greatly reduces the risk of EGUS and acidosis and improves digestion, GIT pH, body condition, behaviour, immune functions, and performance. Providing hay can reduce crib-biting, wood-chewing, coprophagia, the consumption of bedding, aggression, and stress, and subsequently increase social bonding and affiliation with conspecifics. Adequate fibre intake is related to reduced clinical signs of EGUS, reduced reactivity, and better adaptation to weaning. Lignophagia (wood chewing) has also been observed in horses that are foraging, and this is thought to reflect low fibre content in the available forage (for example, early vegetative, lush pasture).

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When Changing the Hay Makes a Difference: A Series of Case Reports

Cited by 28 publications

References 34 publications

Evaluation of fecal sampling time points to estimate apparent nutrient digestibility in lactating Holstein dairy cows

Evaluation of fecal sampling time points to estimate apparent nutrient digestibility in lactating Holstein dairy cows

Mathematical Models to Predict Dry Matter Intake and Milk Production by Dairy Cows Managed under Tropical Conditions

The Fibre Requirements of Horses and the Consequences and Causes of Failure to Meet Them

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