When Clinical Trials Fail: A Guide to Disaggregation

Ki, Howard; Ms, Krause; Js, Lyons

doi:10.1037/e495912006-015

Cited by 17 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…As Hsu (1989), Strube (1991), andLyons (1993) pointed out, the number of patient variables (and their intercorrelations) also affect convergence.…”

Section: Confounding Is Possible Even With Identical Distributionsmentioning

confidence: 97%

What random assignment does and does not do

Krause¹,

Howard²

2003

J Clin Psychol

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Random assignment of patients to comparison groups stochastically tends, with increasing sample size or number of experiment replications, to minimize the confounding of treatment outcome differences by the effects of differences among these groups in unknown/unmeasured patient characteristics. To what degree such confounding is actually avoided we cannot know unless we have validly measured these patient variables, but completely avoiding it is quite unlikely. Even if this confounding were completely avoided, confounding by unmeasured Patient Variable x Treatment Variable interactions remains a possibility. And the causal power of the confounding variables is no less important for internal validity than the degree of confounding.

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“…As Hsu (1989), Strube (1991), andLyons (1993) pointed out, the number of patient variables (and their intercorrelations) also affect convergence.…”

Section: Confounding Is Possible Even With Identical Distributionsmentioning

confidence: 97%

What random assignment does and does not do

Krause¹,

Howard²

2003

J Clin Psychol

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“…Since the execution of randomized clinical trials presents many problems with the results, efficacy research can have only limited external validity (Howard, Krause, & Lyons, 1993;Howard, Krause, & Vessey, 1994;Kopta, Howard, Lowry, & Beutler, 1994;Lyons, & Howard, 1991;Martinovich, Howard, & Saunders, 1996;Seligman, 1995). On the other hand, effectiveness research suffers various threats to internal validity with the result of possible multiple interpretations.…”

Section: The Evaluation Of Psychotherapymentioning

confidence: 98%

Efficacy, effectiveness, and expected treatment response in psychotherapy

Lutz

2003

J Clin Psychol

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This article provides a summary of "The Evaluation of Psychotherapy: Efficacy, Effectiveness, and Patient Progress" (Howard, Moras, Brill, Martinovich, & Lutz, 1996) and an introduction to the "patient profiling" method. First, the difference between the two main approaches to treatment research in psychotherapy, efficacy research and effectiveness research, are discussed. Next, the idea is introduced that both types of treatment-focused research strategies need to be supplemented by a patient-focused research strategy. The concept of patient profiling is presented as an application of such a patient-focused research strategy. The usefulness of patient profiling for monitoring and evaluating individual patients' progress in ongoing psychotherapy as well as for clinical decision making is described. An expression of the personal and professional impact of Ken Howard on the author is provided.

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“…These processes are fundamental to the development and continuation of problems for adolescents and their parents. Just as a clinical approach is phasic (Howard, Krause, & Lyons, 1993;Liddle, 2000), the clinical operations used to address these processes are sequenced-the therapeutic techniques proceed in logical steps. First, we elicit the distress and the emotional experience of the parent and teen in individual sessions, supporting each individual and exploring issues in a way that is careful not to assign blame.…”

Section: Attachmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward a Developmental Family Therapy: The Clinical Utility of Research on Adolescence

Liddle

Rowe

Diamond

et al. 2000

J Marital Family Therapy

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Tremendous advances have been made in our understanding of the intrapersonal, interpersonal, familial, and contextual characteristics and processes that contribute to adaptive as well as maladaptive developmental outcomes with high-risk and clinically referred adolescents. This empirical knowledge base offers clinically rich opportunities for systematic treatment development. An important step in this process is distinguishing which research findings in basic science areas such as developmental psychology and developmental psychopathology might have clinical relevance. Toward this goal, we review relevant but selective research in areas that are central to clinical work with adolescents (parent-adolescent relationship, biological aspects, and affect and cognition), and we offer examples of how basic research in these areas can inform treatment.

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When Clinical Trials Fail: A Guide to Disaggregation

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

What random assignment does and does not do

What random assignment does and does not do

Efficacy, effectiveness, and expected treatment response in psychotherapy

Toward a Developmental Family Therapy: The Clinical Utility of Research on Adolescence

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