When “Conservative” Anionic Tracers Aren't

Korom, Scott F.; Seaman, John C.

doi:10.1111/j.1745-6584.2012.00950.x

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(63 reference statements)

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“…Nitrate‐N concentrations deserve mention, as they ranged from 0.1 to 147 mg/L with an average of 32 mg/L (geometric mean = 17.9 mg/L), substantially higher than the drinking water standard of 10 mg NO 3 − − N/L. Such a wide range in NO 3 − − N concentrations over a few meters is common in North Dakota Aquifers, apparently a result of denitrification (Korom et al 2005, 2012; Schuh et al 2006; Schuh 2008).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…The high correlation ( r = 0.756 in Table 4) between Cl − and SO 4 2− concentrations (Factor 3) indicate that these anions were behaving similarly. Chloride is a common groundwater tracer because of its “conservative” behavior in many sediments (Kaufman and Orlob 1956; Davis et al 1980); however, like all anions, Cl − may be influenced by anion exclusion or anion adsorption (Korom and Seaman 2012). Sulfate is more susceptible to precipitation and chemical reduction; however, at this site, the water was undersaturated with respect to gypsum (CaSO 4 ·2H 2 O) (Figure S3) and, with ample NO 3 − available, denitrification is thermodynamically favored over sulfate reduction (Korom 1991).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Field‐Scale Relationships Among Soil Properties and Shallow Groundwater Quality

2012

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It is important to understand the link between land surface/soil properties and shallow groundwater quality. To that end, soil properties and near-water-table groundwater chemistry of a shallow, unconfined aquifer were measured on a 100-m grid on a 64-ha irrigated field in southeastern North Dakota. Soil properties and hydrochemistry were compared via multivariate analysis that included product-moment correlations and factor analysis/principal component analysis. Topographic low areas where the water table was in close proximity to the soil surface generally had higher apparent electrical conductivity (ECa ) and higher percent silt and clay than higher positions on the landscape. The majority of the groundwater was characterized by Ca- and Mg-HCO3 type water and was associated with topographic high areas with lower ECa and net groundwater recharge. Small topographic depressions were areas of higher ECa (net groundwater discharge) where salts that precipitated via evapotranspiration and evaporative discharge dissolved and leached to the groundwater during short-term depression-focused recharge events. At this site, groundwater quality and soil ECa were related to surface topography. High-resolution topography and EC(a) measurements are necessary to characterize the land surface/soil properties and surficial groundwater quality at the field-scale and to delineate areas where the shallow groundwater is most susceptible to contamination.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field‐Scale Relationships Among Soil Properties and Shallow Groundwater Quality

2012

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“…Sorption was a consideration for all four tracers used, and therefore imposes recognized limitations on the comparison of BTCs. The findings of previous research experiments have suggested indiscernible sorption of bromide in the Borden aquifer (e.g., Mackay et al 1986); however, bromide has been shown to undergo marked sorption at other sites (Korom and Seaman 2012). While RWT has been used as a conservative tracer in groundwater (e.g., Pang et al…”

Section: Observations Of Formation Pressurizationmentioning

confidence: 98%

An Investigation of the Pressure Pulsing Reagent Delivery Approach

Gale¹,

Thomson²,

Barker³

2015

Groundwater Monit R

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Pressure pulsing technology is an innovative method that has been developed with the aim of overcoming preferred flow paths associated with remediation techniques that rely on the injection of reagents. Numerical and field experiments were conducted to assess how pressure pulsing affects groundwater flow and solute transport during reagent injection. A series of field experiments were performed at two field sites where a monitoring network designed to capture the breakthrough of solutes delivered from an injection well was installed. Pressure pulsing and conventional injection methods were used at each site. One site was comprised of fine sand with low heterogeneity, while the other was moderately heterogeneous with discrete layers varying from fine sand to silt. The data suggest that breakthrough was more uniform for the pressure pulsing injections; however, this difference was minor and complicated by sorption of some of the tracers employed. The groundwater flow and solute transport modeling exercise simulated the rapid boundary pressure modulation that occurs in association with pressure pulsing. Two‐dimensional (2D) simulations revealed that repeated sudden onset of injection cessation produces brief periods of gradient reversal and the development of a mixing zone near the injection well. The spatial extents of this mixing zone were found to be highly dependent upon the hydraulic diffusivity of the medium, with medium heterogeneity and pulsing frequency playing secondary roles. Three‐dimensional (3D) numerical simulations were used to benchmark the observations from one of the field sites. The results from the modeling effort showed that solute breakthrough from a pressure pulsing injection is more dispersed relative to a conventional injection as a result of the mixing zone phenomenon; however, we were unable to directly observe this mixing zone using the instrumentation deployed at the two field sites.

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“…The mechanisms affecting chloride concentration in groundwater and surface water at VAES streams appear unique to the groundwater and surface water. Chloride transport in groundwater can be affected by an array of mechanisms, which make chloride not a reliable conservative tracer [Flewelling et al, 2011;Korom and Seaman, 2012]. The groundwater and stream water of sampled streams each had uniform chloride concentrations respectively, and the distinct chloride signature was used to distinguish the two water bodies.…”

Section: Chloride As a Chemical Marker Of Water Bodiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Likewise, the mechanisms that contributed to more dilute chloride concentrations in riparian--influenced groundwater at Coal Kiln and Parker Creek are unknown and could be manifold. Some of the processes could be chloride adsorption by a highly weathered soil [Korom and Seaman, 2012], microbial uptake or chlorination of organic compounds [Bastviken, 2007], or dry deposition of chloride from seasalt spray. Perhaps contributing to the different concentrations is chloride from fertilizers, which elevate the riparian--bypass concentration.…”

Section: Chloride As a Chemical Marker Of Water Bodiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Streambed Sediments of Virginia Eastern Shore Streams Are Poised for Pore-Water Denitrification

McFadden¹

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When “Conservative” Anionic Tracers Aren't

Cited by 13 publications

References 21 publications

Field‐Scale Relationships Among Soil Properties and Shallow Groundwater Quality

Field‐Scale Relationships Among Soil Properties and Shallow Groundwater Quality

An Investigation of the Pressure Pulsing Reagent Delivery Approach

Streambed Sediments of Virginia Eastern Shore Streams Are Poised for Pore-Water Denitrification

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