When horsetails became giants

Feng, Zhuo; Zierold, Thorid; Rößler, Ronny

doi:10.1007/s11434-012-5086-2

Cited by 16 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Since that time, the group has exhibited a variety of growth architectures. These include arborescent Calamitaceae with compact bracteate strobili, from the northern hemisphere (Williamson and Scott, ; Good, ; Feng et al., ), herbaceous Cruciaetheca Cúneo et Escapa and Tschernovia Zalessky from the Permian of South America and Angara that had lax reproductive structures (Meyen and Menshikova, ; Cúneo and Escapa, ), and large Equisetites Sternberg with multiple compact strobili on lateral branches, from the European Triassic (Kelber and van Konijnenburg‐van Cittert, ). The unique morphology of modern horsetails, usually including bractless compact strobili on main aerial stems, as well as numerous vegetative synapomorphies, dates at least from the Jurassic, according to fossils from Patagonia (Channing et al., ; Elgorriaga et al., ), and probably from the Triassic (Stanich et al., ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin of Equisetum: Evolution of horsetails (Equisetales) within the major euphyllophyte clade Sphenopsida

Elgorriaga

Escapa

Rothwell

et al. 2018

American J of Botany

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Modern horsetails are not nested within calamitaceans; instead, both groups have explored independent evolutionary trajectories since the Carboniferous. Diverse fossil taxon sampling helps to shed light on the position and relationships of equisetalean lineages, of which only a tiny remnant is present within the extant flora. Understanding these relationships and early character configurations of ancient plant clades as Equisetales provide useful tests of hypotheses about overall phylogenetic relationships of euphyllophytes and foundations for future tests of molecular dates with paleontological data.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin of Equisetum: Evolution of horsetails (Equisetales) within the major euphyllophyte clade Sphenopsida

Elgorriaga

Escapa

Rothwell

et al. 2018

American J of Botany

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“…Calamitaleans are unquestionably among the most common constituents of late Paleozoic plant communities, reported from various habitats and taphonomic settings including epiclastic and pyroclastic deposits (Renault, 1893(Renault, , 1896Gastaldo, 1992;Feng et al, 2012). In some cases, they even preserved in-situ (Dawson, 1851;Grand'Eury, 1877;DiMichele and Falcon-Lang, 2011).…”

Section: Palaeoecological Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New petrified calamitaleans from the Permian of the Parnaíba Basin, central-north Brazil, part II, and phytogeographic implications for late Paleozoic floras

Neregato

Rößler

Iannuzzi

et al. 2017

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

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Continuing palaeofloristic studies in the Northern Tocantins Fossil Forest, we describe two new calamitalean species from the Permian of the Parnaíba Basin (central-north Brazil). The fossils comprise axes of various sizes, preserved anatomically as siliceous petrifactions, and found in highly mature sandy fluvial deposits of the Motuca Formation. Based on anatomical and morphological characteristics, Arthropitys tocantinensis sp. nov. and Arthropitys barthelii sp. nov. are described. They share a small central pith cavity (extremely reduced in the latter), scalariform tracheid pitting, and prominent pitting of the ray parenchyma. However, they differ markedly in their branching system: the former having 3-12 branches per node either with or lacking secondary growth, the latter showing 2-17 branches without any secondary growth. However, in A. tocantinensis sp. nov., the presence of large woody branches supports a more complex architecture with at least three successive orders of branches. The extensive secondary tissue in both species is homogeneous; clear segmentation is only visible in the proximal wood of A. tocantinensis sp. nov., but completely absent in A. barthelii sp. nov. The growth architecture of these upright growing, self-supporting trunks are reconstructed based on sizable transverse and longitudinal preparations. Our results confirm that thick woody calamitaleans were elements of disturbed riparian vegetation and much more diverse in terms of anatomy and branching patterns than previously thought. They were well adapted to seasonally dry conditions and formed major plant constituents of Permian low-latitude Southern Hemisphere communities. Additionally, we report the first evidence of colonisation on arborescent calamitaleans by herbaceous sphenophyte axes from the Permian. One of the Arthropitys stems hosts at least 30 Sphenophyllum shoots of various ontogenetic stages, growing inside the destroyed pith, which was previously excavated by arthropod boring. Based on the distribution of key genera within late Paleozoic floras of Euramerica, Gondwana and Cathaysia floral realms cluster analysis and Jaccard Coefficient highlight the distribution of a "Mid-North Brazilian" phytogeographic Region during the early Permian.

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“…The modified sensor was also applied for the determination of heavy metals in milk samples. 60 Cadmium and lead have also been determined in soil sample extracts with a wide linear range and a low detection limit. 61 a-Fetoprotein (AFP) is one of the most extensively used clinical cancer biomarkers, Huang et al, proposed a voltammetric method involving the use of CILE for its detection.…”

Section: Ionic Liquid Modified Electrodes-glassy Carbon Electrodes (Gce)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Review—New Generation Electrode Materials for Sensitive Detection

Jain

Jadon

Singh

2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Recently the use of Ionic liquids (ILs) in electrochemical investigations have greatly increased due to their excellent properties such as high viscosity, high thermal stability, wide liquid range, tunable solvent properties, good ionic conductivity and wide electrochemical potential window. In the present review the concept of ILs is defined, along with their classification. This review also focused on some of the properties of ILs which are relevant to electrochemical study of compounds and presents recent voltammetric studies on various ionic liquid modified electrodes.

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When horsetails became giants

Cited by 16 publications

References 23 publications

Origin of Equisetum: Evolution of horsetails (Equisetales) within the major euphyllophyte clade Sphenopsida

Origin of Equisetum: Evolution of horsetails (Equisetales) within the major euphyllophyte clade Sphenopsida

New petrified calamitaleans from the Permian of the Parnaíba Basin, central-north Brazil, part II, and phytogeographic implications for late Paleozoic floras

Review—New Generation Electrode Materials for Sensitive Detection

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