“…Meehl (), Grove, Zald, Lebow, Snitz, and Nelson (), and Kahneman and Klein () argued that algorithms could do as least as well as a psychiatrist in the treatment of mental illness, and the development of algorithms for treatment is an active area of ongoing research (see Adli et al ()). On the other hand, Frank and Zeckhauser () expressed concern that guidelines could prevent doctors from providing care that is sufficiently individualized, while Cosgrove, Shaughnessy, and Shaneyfelt () worried that guidelines may be influenced by pharmaceutical companies. More generally, management practices have been shown to be strongly related to outcomes in health care settings, and the question of how best to structure guidelines for doctors is an important one (see Bloom, Propper, Seiler, and Van Reenen () and Tsai, Jha, Gawande, Huckman, Bloom, and Sadun ()).…”