When It Happens to Men, It's ”Hate„ and ”A Crime„

sociology, Amber Ault PhD in

doi:10.1300/j134v01n01_04

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Feminist activists, for example, were outraged by the tactics of the 60 or so coalition groups involved in lobbying for the 1990 Federal Hate Crimes Statistics Act. This coalition successfully froze out women's organizations because of fears that their statistics would be swamped into insignificance if women's experience of rape were to be counted as a hate crime (Martin, 1995;Ault, 1997). As a result, there now exists the eyebrow-raising anomaly in the US whereby gender bias is not recognized for the purposes of counting federal hate crime statistics, but rape itself is recognized as a form that a hate crime can take if it happens to you because you are gay, lesbian, Jewish or black (Pendo, 1994).…”

Section: Social Movement Foundations Of Hate Crimesmentioning

confidence: 99%

US hate crime legislation: a legal model to avoid in Australia

Morgan¹

2002

Journal of Sociology

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Analysis of US hate crime legislation reveals a significant overall trend involving: (1) the inclusion of a notion of hate motivation on the part of the offender;(2) the provision for enhanced penalties; and (3) the identification of particular victimized groups who are listed in state and federal hate crime statutes. Whether or not a person is recognized as a hate crime victim in US statutes has been shown to be heavily influenced by the strength of social movements based on politicized identities. It is argued that this alignment problematizes the position of victims who are the targets of hate crimes yet who fail to organize on the basis of identity politics, lack political clout, have insufficient moral status, or who see hate crime legislation as an ineffective way of dealing with their particular concerns. This paper examines the barriers to achieving hate crime victim status for persons who are targeted because of their occupations or sexual orientation. The specific examples I will use are doctors and other workers in abortion clinics, sex workers and paedophiles. These widely disparate groups have been selected as examples to highlight some of the moral status, politicized identity and social movement and lobbying strength issues that are currently involved in being recognized as a victim of hate in the US. It is argued that Australia should not proceed down the track of introducing hate crime legislation. Hate crime legislation is the source of serious social disquiet and acrimony in the US. There are inequities built into the alignment between proving hate intent and the enhanced penalty approach that involve giving higher symbolic status to some bodies and not others. As the experience in the US shows, this has a dangerous potential to undermine social cohesion and community faith in equality before the law as well as creating a breeding ground of resentment.

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Section: Social Movement Foundations Of Hate Crimesmentioning

confidence: 99%

US hate crime legislation: a legal model to avoid in Australia

Morgan¹

2002

Journal of Sociology

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“…There is no universally agreed upon definition of misogynistic hate crime within the field of hate studies. Some researchers have argued that men's violence against women always has a gendered dimension and could therefore be interpreted as misogynistic hate crime by default (Ault 1995;Campo-Engelstein 2016). Others hold that the justice system should only consider the presence of a misogynistic motive in extreme cases because these have a symbolic value (Maher et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“If you dress like a whore you have to accept being treated like one”: An Interview Study About Women’s Experiences of Misogynistic Hate Crime

Hagerlid

2023

Crit Crim

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The inclusion of gender in hate crime legislation has been the subject of scholarly debate since the 1990s, but only a handful of empirical studies have focused on victims’ experiences of gender-bias hate crime. Therefore, misogynistic hate crimes are primarily discussed as a theoretical or legal category of events. In this study, the aim is instead to shed light on how female victims define, describe, and are affected by their experiences of gender-bias hate crime. In doing so, the study contributes insights into misogynistic hate crimes as lived experiences, rather than as an abstract legal or theoretical concept.

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Minority Status Among Sexual Minority Women

Daniels

2009

Sexualities and Identities of Minority Women

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When It Happens to Men, It's ”Hate„ and ”A Crime„

Cited by 8 publications

References 10 publications

US hate crime legislation: a legal model to avoid in Australia

US hate crime legislation: a legal model to avoid in Australia

“If you dress like a whore you have to accept being treated like one”: An Interview Study About Women’s Experiences of Misogynistic Hate Crime

Minority Status Among Sexual Minority Women

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