“…It includes being media literate (Gray, 2005) and being an informed citizen (e.g., Carrion, 2018; Gerosa et al, 2021; Grabe & Myrick, 2016). Journalism education exposes students to these concepts by delivering important instruction concerning critical thinking, research, media literacy, civics, writing, First Amendment rights, and technology, among other topics (Blom & Davenport, 2012; Bobkowski & Cavanah, 2019; Bockino, 2017; Dvorak et al, 1994; Glick, 2017; Klos, 2001; Lewis, 2020; Sindik, 2021). Despite this, high school journalism programs around the country lack formalized standardization.…”