When Jump Height is not a Good Indicator of Lower Limb Maximal Power Output: Theoretical Demonstration, Experimental Evidence and Practical Solutions

Morin, Jean-Benoı̂t; Jiménez-Reyes, Pedro; Brughelli, Matt; Samozino, Pierre

doi:10.1007/s40279-019-01073-1

Cited by 75 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Existing gymnastics literature has often examined jump performance using field-based equipment such as contact mats [29,30,47], or methods which solely report performance outcomes such as jump height [49,53]. While these protocols provide surrogate measures of muscular power and SSC function in applied settings, superior insight can be gained from analyzing force-time data [38]. Specifically, this enables the identification of the mechanical variables that underpin jumping and rebounding performance, and ensures training prescription is more targeted to individual deficits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Biological Maturity on Dynamic Force–Time Variables and Vaulting Performance in Young Female Gymnasts

Moeskops

Oliver

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et al. 2020

J. of SCI. IN SPORT AND EXERCISE

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Purpose This cross-sectional study investigated dynamic force-time variables and vaulting performance in young female gymnasts of different maturity status. Methods 120 gymnasts aged 5-14 years were subdivided into maturity groupings using percent of predicted adult height (%PAH) attained. Participants performed three jumping protocols, the squat jump (SJ), countermovement jump (CMJ) and drop jump (DJ), before completing straight jump vaults that were recorded using two-dimensional video. Results Jumping performance improved with biological maturity evidenced by the most mature gymnasts' producing significantly more absolute force (P < 0.05; all d > 0.78), impulse (P < 0.05; all d > 0.75) and power (P < 0.05; all d > 0.91) than the least mature group, resulting in the greater jump heights (P < 0.05; all d > 0.70). While, no significant differences were observed in relative peak force across multiple tests, measures of relative peak power did significantly increase with maturity. Based upon regression analyses, maturation was found to influence vertical takeoff velocity during vaulting, explaining 41% of the variance in each jumping protocol. Across all tests, the DJ was found to have the highest predictive ability of vaulting vertical takeoff velocity, explaining 55% of the total variance. Conclusion Biological maturation impacts jump height and underpinning mechanical variables in young female gymnasts. Vaulting vertical takeoff velocity appears to be influenced by maturation and various dynamic force-time variables, particularly those during DJ, which had the highest explained total variance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Biological Maturity on Dynamic Force–Time Variables and Vaulting Performance in Young Female Gymnasts

Moeskops

Oliver

Read

et al. 2020

J. of SCI. IN SPORT AND EXERCISE

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show abstract

“…According to our results, JH is correlated with physical performance tests in a similar magnitude of power output adjusted for body mass, for most analyzed situations. Due to its usability, JH is probably the most used index in vertical jump assessment, but some studies have criticized it for not being able to represent lower limb mechanical power capability [11,14,18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conventionally, vertical jumps, such as the countermovement jump (CMJ) and squat jump (SJ), have been the most frequently used tests for evaluating lower limb power output in different sports [8][9][10]. The main reason for this choice is that athletes produce high amounts of mechanical work over a short duration to displace their body mass during the vertical jump [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The power output and JH have been widely used by researchers and practitioners, but there is no consensus about which is the most adequate to represent lower limb performance. Due to its usability, JH is probably the most used index in vertical jump assessment, but it has been criticized for not being able to represent the lower limbs' mechanical power capabilities [11,14,15]. Another unsolved question concerns the usage of the peak or mean power output.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it has been shown that scaling methods are highly sport-specific [18], thus not allowing for the use of a single exponent or model in vertical jump assessment. This is probably because athletes of different sports present different neuromuscular demands due to specific training [11]. In this sense, the sensitivity to monitor neuromuscular status using vertical jump parameters is probably higher when an adequate and sports-specific scaling method is applied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Are vertical jump height and power output correlated to physical performance in different sports? An allometric approach

Pupo¹,

Dias²,

Kons³

et al. 2020

Hum Mov.

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PurposeThis study aimed to analyse the relationship between vertical jump parameters – jump height (JH), peak power output (PPO), and mean power output (MPO) – and specific physical performance in different sports using the allometric approach. In this sense, it was verified whether scaled power output for body mass might have a stronger correlation with physical performance than raw power output.MethodsThe study involved 52 male athletes (21 judokas, 18 futsal players, and 13 sprint runners). They performed the following tests: vertical jumps (countermovement and squat), specific physical tests for judo (Special Judo Fitness Test), repeated sprint ability for futsal players, and sprint running (20 m and 200 m) for runners. A specific allometric exponent for PPO and MPO was established. Pearson’s correlation was used to determine the relationship between physical tests and vertical jump parameters for absolute and allometric scales.ResultsModerate to very large correlations were found between physical performance and JH (r: 0.47–0.87), PPO (r: 0.47–0.75), and MPO (r: 0.49–0.81). Considering power output scaled for body mass, the correlation between jump parameters and physical performance was greater than absolute values, in which the r values ranged 0.46–0.81 for PPO and 0.52–0.84 for MPO.ConclusionsJH and power output seem to correlate in a similar magnitude with physical performance tests for most variables and sports analysed. From a practical point of view, coaches and physical trainers are encouraged to use JH to monitor training, considering the cost of equipment and practicality.

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How to Use Force Sensors for Resistance Training in Daily Practice

Sánchez-Sixto¹,

McMahon

2021

Resistance Training Methods

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When Jump Height is not a Good Indicator of Lower Limb Maximal Power Output: Theoretical Demonstration, Experimental Evidence and Practical Solutions

Cited by 75 publications

References 50 publications

The Influence of Biological Maturity on Dynamic Force–Time Variables and Vaulting Performance in Young Female Gymnasts

The Influence of Biological Maturity on Dynamic Force–Time Variables and Vaulting Performance in Young Female Gymnasts

Are vertical jump height and power output correlated to physical performance in different sports? An allometric approach

How to Use Force Sensors for Resistance Training in Daily Practice

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