When Money Makes Employees Warm and Bright: Thoughts of New Money Promote Warmth and Competence

Mok, Aurelia; Cremer, David De

doi:10.1017/mor.2015.53

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Compared to used money or neutral primes, people reminded of new money make more moral decisions, think of themselves as prosocial and act accordingly, seek to be fair, and think about honesty and fair dealings. Dirty or used money can result in behaviors indicative of greed, mean-spiritedness, and exploitation (Mok & DeCremer, 2015, in press-a; Yang et al, 2013).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Money priming can change people’s thoughts, feelings, motivations, and behaviors: An update on 10 years of experiments.

Vohs

2015

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

163

183

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Caruso, Vohs, Baxter, and Waytz (2013) posited that because money is used in free market exchanges, cues of money would lead people to justify and support the systems that allow those exchanges to take place. Hence, the authors predicted that money primes would boost system justification, social dominance, belief in a just world, and free market ideology, and found supportive evidence. Rohrer, Pashler, and Harris (2015) failed to replicate those effects. This article discusses the factors that predict priming effects, and particularly those pertinent to differences between Caruso et al. and Rohrer et al. Variations in a prime's meaning, the ease with which primed content comes to mind, the prime's motivational importance, and the ambiguity of the outcome situation influence the impact of the prime. Money priming experiments (totaling 165 to date, from 18 countries) point to at least 2 major effects. First, compared to neutral primes, people reminded of money are less interpersonally attuned. They are not prosocial, caring, or warm. They eschew interdependence. Second, people reminded of money shift into professional, business, and work mentality. They exert effort on challenging tasks, demonstrate good performance, and feel efficacious. Money priming is not the same as priming another popular means of exchange, credit cards, and can have bigger effects when there is an implied connection between the self and having money. The practical benefits of money have been studied by other disciplines for decades, and the time is now for psychologists to study the effects of merely being reminded of money.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Money priming can change people’s thoughts, feelings, motivations, and behaviors: An update on 10 years of experiments.

Vohs

2015

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

163

183

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“…The divergent effects may extend to other domains, such as prosocial behaviors and behaviors demonstrating one’s competence. For example, Lee and Shrum (2012) found that people engaged in more prosocial behaviors such as helping others and donating when relatedness was threatened, while they tended to show off their wealth (a way to demonstrate competence; Mok & De Cremer, 2016) when efficacy was threatened. It is possible that warmth rejection drives people to exhibit more prosocial behaviors as it mainly threatens belongingness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Divergent effects of warmth and competence social rejection: An explanation based on the need-threat model.

Chen,

Guo,

Wang

2024

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

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Based on the need-threat model, we hypothesized that "warmth rejection" threatens belongingness more than "competence rejection," whereas competence rejection threatens sense of efficacy more than warmth rejection. To restore threatened belongingness, warmth (vs. competence) rejection was predicted to result in higher affiliative responses. In contrast, to restore the threatened sense of efficacy, competence (vs. warmth) rejection would lead to higher self-focus. Across six studies, we found that the participants exhibited more affiliative responses after being rejected due to low warmth than due to low competence (Studies 1-6), whereas they became more self-focused after being rejected due to low competence than due to low warmth (Studies 3-6). Furthermore, the effect of warmth rejection on affiliation was mediated by perceived threat to belongingness (Studies 4-6), whereas the effect of competence rejection on self-focus was mediated by perceived threat to control and belongingness (Studies 4-6). The studies provided converging evidence that the effects of social rejection depend on the perception of why rejection occurs.

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“…Studies must have a prime that was presented as either words, visual images, or a writing/reading/imagination task (e.g., imagining counting banknotes; Mok & De Cremer, 2016).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Priming behavior: A meta-analysis of the effects of behavioral and nonbehavioral primes on overt behavioral outcomes.

Dai¹,

Yang²,

White³

et al. 2023

Psychological Bulletin

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Past meta-analyses of the effects of priming on overt behavior have not examined whether the effects and processes of priming behavioral or nonbehavioral concepts (e.g., priming action through the word go and priming religion through the word church) differ, even though these possibilities are important to our understanding of concept accessibility and behavior. Hence, we meta-analyzed 351 studies (224 reports and 862 effect sizes) involving incidental presentation of behavioral or nonbehavioral primes, a neutral control group, and at least one behavioral outcome. Our random-effects analyses, which used the correlated and hierarchical effects model with robust variance estimation (Pustejovsky & Tipton, 2021; Tanner-Smith et al., 2016), revealed a moderate priming effect (d = 0.37) that remained stable across behavioral and nonbehavioral primes and across different methodological procedures and adjustments for possible inclusion/publication biases (e.g., sensitivity analyses from Mathur & VanderWeele, 2020; sensitivity analyses from Vevea & Woods, 2005). Although the findings suggest that associative processes explain both the effects of behavioral and nonbehavioral primes, lowering the value of a behavior weakened the effect only when the primes were behavioral. These findings support the possibility that even though both types of primes activate associations that promote behavior, behavioral (vs. nonbehavioral) primes may provide a greater opportunity for goals to control the effect of the primes.

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When Money Makes Employees Warm and Bright: Thoughts of New Money Promote Warmth and Competence

Cited by 11 publications

References 68 publications

Money priming can change people’s thoughts, feelings, motivations, and behaviors: An update on 10 years of experiments.

Money priming can change people’s thoughts, feelings, motivations, and behaviors: An update on 10 years of experiments.

Divergent effects of warmth and competence social rejection: An explanation based on the need-threat model.

Priming behavior: A meta-analysis of the effects of behavioral and nonbehavioral primes on overt behavioral outcomes.

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