When neurons form memories

Fries, Pascal; Fernández, Guillén; Jensen, Ole

doi:10.1016/s0166-2236(03)00023-7

Cited by 31 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Tones also evoke gamma bursts [50] and attended tones evoke larger auditory gamma peaks than unattended ones [71]. Further, a number of other studies have shown positive correlations between gamma activity and learning and memory in older populations [45, 25, 32, 20]. Overall studies that specifically focus on measuring both gamma oscillations and behavior seem to suggest that gamma activity and its synchronization across brain regions might well serve as a mechanism by which distributed signals can be integrated over different temporal and spatial scales [55].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resting frontal gamma power at 16, 24 and 36 months predicts individual differences in language and cognition at 4 and 5 years

Gou¹,

Choudhury²,

Benasich³

2011

Behavioural Brain Research

122

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Gamma activity has been linked to a variety of different cognitive processes and exists in both transient and persistent forms. Across studies, different brain regions have been suggested to contribute to gamma activity. Multiple studies have shown that the function of gamma oscillations may be related to temporal binding of early sensory information to relevant top-down processes. Given this hypothesis, we expected gamma oscillations to subserve general brain mechanisms that contribute to the development of cognitive and linguistic systems. The present study aims to examine the predictive relations between resting-state cortical gamma power density at a critical point in language and cognitive acquisition (i.e. 16, 24 and 36 months), and cognitive and language output at ages 4 and 5 years. Our findings show that both 24- and 36-month gamma power are significantly correlated with later language scores, notably Non-Word Repetition. Further, 16-, 24- and 36-month gamma were all significantly correlated with 4-year PLS-3 and CELF-P sentence structure scores. Although associations reported here do not reflect a direct cause and effect of early resting gamma power on later language outcomes, capacity to generate higher power in the gamma range at crucial developmental periods may index better modulation of attention and allow easier access to working memory, thus providing an advantage for overall development, particularly in the linguistic domain. Moreover, measuring abilities at times when these abilities are still emergent may allow better prediction of later outcomes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resting frontal gamma power at 16, 24 and 36 months predicts individual differences in language and cognition at 4 and 5 years

Gou¹,

Choudhury²,

Benasich³

2011

Behavioural Brain Research

122

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Cortical activity in the gamma frequency range (∼30-80 Hz) has been linked in humans and animals to a wide variety of higher cognitive processes including attention [1,26,36,38], perception [1,21,30,38,39] memory [1,16,18,21,31] and language [13,35]. It has been hypothesized that correlations between the occurrence of higher activity in the gamma frequency range and cognitive performance (as observed in human subjects using EEG and MEG recordings) reflects increased synchronization of neural ensembles important for cognitive processing [37,38,39].…”

Section: Introduction and Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early cognitive and language skills are linked to resting frontal gamma power across the first 3 years

Benasich

Gou

Choudhury

et al. 2008

Behavioural Brain Research

200

184

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High-frequency cortical activity in humans and animals has been linked to a wide variety of higher cognitive processes. This research suggests that specific changes in neuronal synchrony occur during cognitive processing, distinguished by emergence of fast oscillations in the gamma frequency range. To determine whether the development of high-frequency brain oscillations can be related to the development of cognitive abilities, we studied the power spectra of resting EEG in children 16, 24 and 36 months of age. Individual differences in the distribution of frontal gamma power during rest were highly correlated with concurrent language and cognitive skills at all ages. Gamma power was also associated with attention measures; children who were observed as having better inhibitory control and more mature attention shifting abilities had higher gamma power density functions. We included a group of children with a family history of language impairment (FH+) and thus at higher risk for language disorders. FH+ children, as a group, showed consistently lower gamma over frontal regions than the well-matched FH- controls with no such family history (FH-). We suggest that the emergence of high frequency neural synchrony may be critical for cognitive and linguistic development, and that children at risk for language impairments may lag in this process.

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“…Thus, in the clinical setting, cognitive impairment corresponds to a symptom (eg, amnesia), a combination of symptoms defining a recognized syndrome (eg, amnesic syndrome) or a specific disease (eg, Alzheimer’s disease [AD]). Each nosographic entity is described by a set of criteria defining alterations in memory (Tulving 1985; De Deyn et al 2003; Lieury 2005), language (Damasio and Damasio 1992; Damasio et al 1996; Damasio 1997; Frederici 2000; Fries et al 2003), and executive functions, which also include concentration, or more precisely attention (Berger and Posner 2000; Cowan et al 2005) necessary for planning, organization, and synchronization of complex actions (Stuss et al 1995; Stuss and Alexander 2000; Royall et al 2002). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impaired cognition and attention in adults: pharmacological management strategies

Allain¹,

Akwa²,

Lacomblez³

et al. 2007

Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment

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Abstract:Cognitive psychology has provided clinicians with specific tools for analyzing the processes of cognition (memory, language) and executive functions (attention-concentration, abstract reasoning, planning). Neuropsychology, coupled with the neurosciences (including neuroimaging techniques), has authenticated the existence of early disorders affecting the "superior or intellectual" functions of the human brain. The prevalence of cognitive and attention disorders is high in adults because all the diseases implicating the central nervous system are associated with cognitive correlates of variable intensity depending on the disease process and the age of the patient. In some pathologies, cognitive impairment can be a leading symptom such as in schizophrenia, posttraumatic stress disorder or an emblematic stigmata as in dementia including Alzheimer's disease. Paradoxically, public health authorities have only recognized as medications for improving cognitive symptoms those with proven efficacy in the symptomatic treatment of patients with Alzheimer's disease; the other cognitive impairments are relegated to the orphanage of syndromes and symptoms dispossessed of medication. The purpose of this review is to promote a true "pharmacology of cognition" based on the recent knowledge in neurosciences. Data from adult human beings, mainly concerning memory, language, and attention processes, will be reported. "Drug therapeutic strategies" for improving cognition (except for memory function) are currently rather scarce, but promising perspectives for a new neurobiological approach to cognitive pharmacology will be highlighted.

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When neurons form memories

Cited by 31 publications

References 13 publications

Resting frontal gamma power at 16, 24 and 36 months predicts individual differences in language and cognition at 4 and 5 years

Resting frontal gamma power at 16, 24 and 36 months predicts individual differences in language and cognition at 4 and 5 years

Early cognitive and language skills are linked to resting frontal gamma power across the first 3 years

Impaired cognition and attention in adults: pharmacological management strategies

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