When One Shape Does Not Fit All: A Commentary Essay on the Use of Graphs in Psychological Research

Pastore, Massimiliano; Lionetti, Francesca; Altoè, Gianmarco

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01666

Cited by 18 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Before running the other analyses, all data were examined for skewness, kurtosis, outliers, and normalcy by both exploratory analyses and graphs, i.e., violin plots and boxplots (Pastore, Lionetti, & Altoè, 2017). The normal Probability-Probability plot of the standardized residuals showed points that were close on the line, and the scatterplot of the standardized residuals showed that the data met the assumptions of homogeneity of variance and linearity for all dependent variables.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response inhibition in problematic social network sites use: an ERP study

Moretta

Buodo

2021

Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci

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Given the current literature debate on whether or not Problematic Social Network Sites Use (PSNSU) can be considered a behavioral addiction, the present study was designed to test whether, similarly to addictive behaviors, PSNSU is characterized by a deficit in inhibitory control in emotional and addiction-related contexts. Twenty-two problematic Facebook users and 23 nonproblematic users were recruited based on their score on the Problematic Facebook Use Scale. The event-related potentials were recorded during an emotional Go/Nogo Task, including Facebook-related, unpleasant, pleasant, and neutral pictures. The amplitudes of the Nogo-N2 and the Nogo-P3 were computed as measures of the detection of response conflict and response inhibition, respectively. Reaction times and accuracy also were measured. The results showed that problematic users were less accurate on both Go and Nogo trials than nonproblematic users, irrespective of picture content. For problematic users only, the Nogo-P3 amplitude was lower to Facebook-related, pleasant, and neutral than to unpleasant stimuli, suggesting less efficient inhibition with natural and Facebook-related rewards. Of note, all participants were slower to respond to Facebook-related and pleasant Go trials compared with unpleasant and neutral pictures. Consistently, the Nogo-N2 amplitude was larger to Facebook-related than all other picture contents in both groups. Overall, the findings suggest that PSNSU is associated with reduced inhibitory control. These results should be considered in the debate about the neural correlates of PSNSU, suggesting more similarities than differences between PSNSU and addictive behaviors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response inhibition in problematic social network sites use: an ERP study

Moretta

Buodo

2021

Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci

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“…For example, although there is some controversy about the use of bar-graphs to display results (see Bar Bar Plots Project 2017 5 ; Pastore et al 2017), there is a consensus that bar graphs showing means are uninterpretable without including error bars representing standard errors, standard deviations, or confidence intervals; when including error bars, the measure they represent should be clearly indicated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reporting in Experimental Philosophy: Current Standards and Recommendations for Future Practice

et al. 2018

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Recent replication crises in psychology and other fields have led to intense reflection about the validity of common research practices. Much of this reflection has focussed on reporting standards, and how they may be related to the questionable research practices that could underlie a high proportion of irreproducible findings in the published record. As a developing field, it is particularly important for Experimental Philosophy to avoid some of the pitfalls that have beset other disciplines. To this end, here we provide a detailed, comprehensive assessment of current reporting practices in Experimental Philosophy. We focus on the quality of statistical reporting and the disclosure of information about study methodology. We assess all the articles using quantitative methods (n = 134) that were published over the years 2013-2016 in 29 leading philosophy journals. We find that null hypothesis significance testing is the prevalent statistical practice in Experimental Philosophy, although relying solely on this approach has been criticised in the psychological literature. To augment this approach, various additional measures have become commonplace in other fields, but we find that Experimental Philosophy has adopted these only partially: 53% of the papers report an effect size, 28% confidence intervals, 1% examined prospective statistical power and 5% report observed statistical power. Importantly, we find no direct relation between an article's reporting quality and its impact (numbers of citations). We conclude with recommendations for authors, reviewers and editors in Experimental Philosophy, to facilitate making research statistically-transparent and reproducible.Rev.Phil.Psych.

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“…Graphics o er many advantages over traditional methods that rely on tables and reported statistics. First, visuals are perhaps the most important tool available to enhance transparency, as they provide a medium to display the data in their entirety (Pastore, Lionetti, & Altoè, 2017;Tay et al, 2016). Audiences can see, at a glance, the appropriateness of the model, the size of the e ect, and the degree of uncertainty.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexplot: Graphically-based data analysis.

Fife¹

2022

Psychological Methods

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The human visual processing system has enormous bandwidth, able to interpret vast amounts of data in fractions of a second (Otten, Cheng, & Drewnowski, 2015). Despite this amazing ability, there is a troubling lack of graphics in scientific literature (Healy & Moody, 2014), and the graphics most traditionally used tend to bias perception in unintentional ways (Weissgerber, Milic, Winham, & Garovic, 2015). I suspect the reason for the underuse and misuse of graphics is because sound visuals are di cult to produce with existing software (Wainer, 2010). While ggplot2 allows immense flexibility in creating graphics, its learning curve is quite steep, and even basic graphics require multiple lines of code. flexplot is an R package that aims to address these issues by providing a formula-based suite of tools that simplifies and automates much of the graphical decision-making. Additionally, flexplot pairs well with statistical modeling, making it easy for researchers to produce visuals that map onto statistical procedures. With one-line functions, users can visualize bivariate statistical models (e.g., scatterplots for regression, beeswarm plots for ANOVA/t-tests), multivariate statistical models (e.g., ANCOVA and multiple regression), and even more sophisticated models like multi-level models and logistic regressions. Further, this package utilizes old tools (e.g., added variable plots and coplots) as well as introduces new tools for complex visualizations, including ghost lines and point sampling.

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When One Shape Does Not Fit All: A Commentary Essay on the Use of Graphs in Psychological Research

Cited by 18 publications

References 22 publications

Response inhibition in problematic social network sites use: an ERP study

Response inhibition in problematic social network sites use: an ERP study

Reporting in Experimental Philosophy: Current Standards and Recommendations for Future Practice

Flexplot: Graphically-based data analysis.

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