“…Understanding the cyclical processes through which the two types of governance unfold over time warrants a dynamic perspective on interorganizational governance, which is eminently provided by both the longitudinal character of the case research and the system dynamic nature of the formal model. We collected and analyzed longitudinal field data, partly retrospective but mostly real-time, from four cases of large government projects involving public-private collaborations between Regional Water Authorities (RWAs), which in the Netherlands provide, among other services, wastewater treatment services to households and industries, and their contractors (Fang, 2019). Theory generation took place using data from two of the studied projects as they developed very differently and hence could be considered polar cases (Pettigrew, 1990): both projects suffered from major setbacks, yet one project recovered, while the other project collapsed and "went down the drain," that is, the publicprivate collaboration was ended prematurely.…”