When slower is faster

Gershenson, Carlos; Helbing, Dirk

doi:10.1002/cplx.21736

Cited by 55 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…However, as suggested in [37], the nature of SIF is not necessarily the same for the broad spectrum of systems displaying it, as it will depend on the specific interactions between constituent agents. In this sense, our study of FIS effect is restricted to systems of competitive agents passing through a constriction where pressure and friction forces play a dominant role as defined by the conditions (a-c) given above.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental proof of faster-is-slower in systems of frictional particles flowing through constrictions

et al. 2015

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The "faster-is-slower" (FIS) effect was first predicted by computer simulations of the egress of pedestrians through a narrow exit [D. Helbing, I. J. Farkas, and T. Vicsek, Nature (London) 407, 487 (2000)]. FIS refers to the finding that, under certain conditions, an excess of the individuals' vigor in the attempt to exit causes a decrease in the flow rate. In general, this effect is identified by the appearance of a minimum when plotting the total evacuation time of a crowd as a function of the pedestrian desired velocity. Here, we experimentally show that the FIS effect indeed occurs in three different systems of discrete particles flowing through a constriction: (a) humans evacuating a room, (b) a herd of sheep entering a barn, and (c) grains flowing out a 2D hopper over a vibrated incline. This finding suggests that FIS is a universal phenomenon for active matter passing through a narrowing.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is important to remark that very recently [37] a more general view of FIS [by the way, called the slower-isfaster (SIF) effect] has been proposed for complex systems constituted by many nonlinearly interacting agents such us self-organized production systems [38] or vehicular traffic.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental proof of faster-is-slower in systems of frictional particles flowing through constrictions

et al. 2015

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“…Improving the traffic performances close to track saturation is possible, but it requires significant modifications of the particles' properties, such as their sizes or their mean velocities. Notably, the reduction of velocity is known to improve the traffic performances near congestion according to the "slower is faster" effect reported in model systems and road or pedestrian traffic measurements [32][33][34][35][36][37][38]. Here, we show that it is possible to go beyond the "slower is faster" effect in our simple system: a regulation strategy is tested in the simulations where the average properties of the particles are not modified.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Characterization and control of a bottleneck-induced traffic-jam transition for self-propelled particles in a track

et al. 2019

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A collection of self-propelled elongated particles is circulating in a circular track. Due to the presence of a bottleneck, the flow transits to a congested state for a sufficient number of particles, even if the whole track is not saturated. Both experiments and simulations are used to identify the transition toward congestion. An intermediate regime of coexistence is characterized by intermittency between a free flow state and a jammed state. The range of the coexistence region is found to depend explicitly on fluctuating quantities such as the distribution of the escape times from a jam and the headway time distribution between free particles. Optimization strategies, such as the "slower is faster" effect, are tested in experiments and simulations, and an increase in the traffic performances is reported.

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“…Despite the selfish nature of the payoff matrices (drivers are rewarded by increasing their speed and punished by slowing down) the drivers found a circumstance in which not pursuing a velocity increase (cooperative behavior) ended up rewarding them. This can be seen as an example of the slower-is-faster effect [35]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traffic Games: Modeling Freeway Traffic with Game Theory

2016

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We apply game theory to a vehicular traffic model to study the effect of driver strategies on traffic flow. The resulting model inherits the realistic dynamics achieved by a two-lane traffic model and aims to incorporate phenomena caused by driver-driver interactions. To achieve this goal, a game-theoretic description of driver interaction was developed. This game-theoretic formalization allows one to model different lane-changing behaviors and to keep track of mobility performance. We simulate the evolution of cooperation, traffic flow, and mobility performance for different modeled behaviors. The analysis of these results indicates a mobility optimization process achieved by drivers’ interactions.

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When slower is faster

Cited by 55 publications

References 59 publications

Experimental proof of faster-is-slower in systems of frictional particles flowing through constrictions

Experimental proof of faster-is-slower in systems of frictional particles flowing through constrictions

Characterization and control of a bottleneck-induced traffic-jam transition for self-propelled particles in a track

Traffic Games: Modeling Freeway Traffic with Game Theory

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