When smokers quit: exposure to nicotine and carcinogens persists from thirdhand smoke pollution

Matt, Georg E.; Quintana, Penelope J E; Zakarian, Joy M.; Hoh, Eunha; Hovell, Melbourne F.; Mahabee-Gittens, Melinda; Watanabe, Kayo; Datuin, Kathy; Vue, Cher; Chatfield, Dale A.

doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2016-053119

Cited by 73 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Specifically, the GeoM of 86.4 ng/wipe was over three times higher than the levels of 25.6 ng/wipe in previous research on non-smoking adults living with active smokers. 4 In other research in which finger wipes of adults were analysed, we have reported GeoMs of 5.2 ng/wipe among non-smokers moving into an apartment formerly occupied by a smoker 5 and 630–650 ng/wipe among active smokers. 25 Because nicotine is specific to tobacco, its presence on children’s hands may serve as a proxy of tobacco smoke pollution in their immediate environment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Our ongoing research now includes hand surface area measurements so that we can compare new findings with our previous work. 16 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 Commonly referred to as third-hand smoke (THS), non-smokers may be exposed to toxicants (eg, tobacco specific nitrosamine) 3 via inhalation, ingestion and dermal uptake transferred from indoor deposits and parents. Matt et al 245 and Quintana et al 6 found that nicotine levels on hands differentiate non-smokers from smokers, and among non-smokers, these are associated with nicotine on home surfaces and in dust. On non-smokers’ hands, nicotine can serve as a proxy of THS pollution in an individual’s immediate environment, as well as a proximate and immediate cause of nicotine exposure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On non-smokers’ hands, nicotine can serve as a proxy of THS pollution in an individual’s immediate environment, as well as a proximate and immediate cause of nicotine exposure. 4 In addition, cotinine is the major metabolite of nicotine and a biomarker of SHS and THS exposure in non-smokers. 7 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preliminary evidence that high levels of nicotine on children’s hands may contribute to overall tobacco smoke exposure

2017

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Background Dust and surfaces are important sources of lead and pesticide exposure in young children. The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate if third-hand smoke (THS) pollutants accumulate on the hands of children who live in environments where tobacco is used and if hand nicotine levels are associated with second-hand smoke (SHS), as measured by salivary cotinine. Methods Participants were parents and children (n=25; age mean (SD)=5.4 (5.3) years) presenting to the emergency department with a potentially SHS-related illness. A convenience sample of participants were recruited at baseline from an ongoing two-group, randomised controlled trial of a SHS reduction and tobacco cessation intervention. Parents were current smokers; thus, all children were at risk of SHS and THS exposure to varying extents. Primary outcome measures, which were assessed in child participants only, were hand nicotine and salivary cotinine. Parents reported sociodemographics and smoking patterns; children’s medical records were abstracted for chief complaint, medical history and discharge diagnosis. Results All children had detectable hand nicotine (range=18.3–690.9 ng/wipe). All but one had detectable cotinine (range=1.2–28.8 ng/mL). Multiple linear regression results showed a significant positive association between hand nicotine and cotinine (p=0.009; semipartial r2=0.24), independent of child age. Discussion The higher-than-expected nicotine levels and significant association with cotinine indicate that THS may play a role in the overall exposure of young children to tobacco smoke toxicants and that hand wipes could be a useful marker of overall tobacco smoke pollution and a proxy for exposure.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Our ongoing research now includes hand surface area measurements so that we can compare new findings with our previous work. 16 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preliminary evidence that high levels of nicotine on children’s hands may contribute to overall tobacco smoke exposure

2017

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“…Surface nicotine levels remained at the high BL levels for the first 2 weeks, before they started to decline over the following months, though they remained at or above levels found in homes of active smokers in California 20 22 25 28. Dust nicotine and TSNA concentrations remained at or near the very high BL levels for up to 3 months into the smoking ban before they declined to levels found in the homes of active smokers in California 25. One month after smoking resumed, all THS measures on the casino floor rebounded compared with levels observed during the ban.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

A Casino goes smoke free: a longitudinal study of secondhand and thirdhand smoke pollution and exposure

et al. 2018

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Long-term smoking in a casino creates deep THS reservoirs that persist for months after a smoking ban. A complete smoking ban immediately improves air quality and significantly reduces exposure to SHS and THS. However, THS reservoirs contribute to continued low-level exposure to toxicants. To accelerate the effect of smoking bans, remediation efforts should address specific THS reservoirs, which may require intensive cleaning as well as replacement of carpets, furniture and building materials.

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Tobacco smoke exposure in pediatric cystic fibrosis: A qualitative study of clinician and caregiver perspectives on smoking cessation

Oates

Harris

Gutierrez

et al. 2020

Pediatric Pulmonology

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Objective Tobacco smoke exposure has negative impacts on the lung health of children with cystic fibrosis (CF), yet evidence‐based strategies for smoking cessation have not been tested with or tailored to CF caregivers. This qualitative study identified barriers and facilitators of smoking cessation in this population and outlined potential interventional approaches. Methods We conducted semi‐structured interviews with CF familial caregivers who were current or former smokers, and with members of the CF care team. We asked about experiences, practices, and prerequisites for a successful program. Interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and coded by two investigators. Analysis used a thematic approach guided by the PRECEDE model, which identifies predisposing (intrapersonal), reinforcing (interpersonal), and enabling (structural) factors relevant to health behaviors and programs. Results Seventeen interviews were conducted—eight with familial caregivers and nine with CF team members. Whereas caregivers provided greater insight into internal difficulties and motivators to quit smoking, clinicians offered more extensive input on barriers and solutions related to the clinical environment. Based on study recommendations, a successful tobacco cessation program should include (a) family education about the harms of smoke exposure for children with CF; (b) screening for exposure, ideally with biochemical verification; (c) access to trained tobacco counselors; (d) affordable pharmacotherapy; and (e) outpatient follow‐up of those undergoing tobacco treatment. Conclusion This qualitative study revealed intrapersonal, interpersonal, and structural barriers to eliminating tobacco smoke exposure in children with CF, outlined opportunities to address these barriers, and made recommendations for a comprehensive tobacco cessation strategy.

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When smokers quit: exposure to nicotine and carcinogens persists from thirdhand smoke pollution

Cited by 73 publications

References 35 publications

Preliminary evidence that high levels of nicotine on children’s hands may contribute to overall tobacco smoke exposure

Preliminary evidence that high levels of nicotine on children’s hands may contribute to overall tobacco smoke exposure

A Casino goes smoke free: a longitudinal study of secondhand and thirdhand smoke pollution and exposure

Tobacco smoke exposure in pediatric cystic fibrosis: A qualitative study of clinician and caregiver perspectives on smoking cessation

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