When stereotype-based expectancies impair performance: the effect of prejudice, race, and target quality on judgments and perceiver performance

Abstract

High-and low-prejudiced participants were presented with a lecture segment in which the race of the professor (White or Black) and lecture quality (high or low) were manipulated. Consistent with predictions, low-prejudiced participants were more extreme in their evaluations (more negative) and performed more poorly on test items when presented with an expectancy-violating low-quality Black lecturer. Highprejudiced participants were more extreme in their evaluations (more positive) and performed more poorly when presented with an expectancy-violating high-quality Black lecturer.

Socioeconomic status is not judged equally: Target race shifts standards in interpersonal judgments of SES

“…Shifting standards also come into play in the communication and subsequent translation of stereotype‐relevant characteristics (Biernat & Eidelman, ; Biernat, Tocci, & Williams, ; Collins, Biernat, & Eidelman, ). For example, the subjective evaluation of a “pretty good” student gets translated into a lower objective performance (i.e., lower GPA) when the student is Black versus when the student is White or when the race of the student was unknown (Collins et al., ) and these stereotype‐based expectancies have influence on performance (Vescio & Biernat, ). Given the social significance of social class, these translation effects have implications for social interactions.…”

Power and the Creation of Patronizing Environments: The Stereotype-Based Behaviors of the Powerful and Their Effects on Female Performance in Masculine Domains.

“…Cultural stereotypes contain information about a group's relative social status and explanations for that status (Eagly & Karau, 2002;Wittenbrink, Gist, & Hilton, 1997;Vescio & Biernat, 1999). Because stereotypes explain social reality, they are relevant to a wide array of achievement domains.…”

“…Women are compared with one's general expectations for women, and men are compared with one's expectations for men. In a masculine domain, a woman who exhibits basic counterstereotypic competencies (e.g., agency, athleticism) may surpass low stereotype-based expectations, and powerful people's judgments of and behavior toward her become more extreme in the direction of the expectancy violation (e.g., Jussim, Coleman, & Lerch, 1987; Vescio & Biernat, 1999). As a result, women who are surprisingly competent receive more praise and pats on the back than similarly competent but non-expectancy-violating men.…”

“…First, powerful people stereotype low-power people when the stereotypes of the groups to which low-power people belong provide information that is contextually relevant. Cultural stereotypes contain information about a group's relative social status and explanations for that status (Eagly & Karau, 2002; Wittenbrink, Gist, & Hilton, 1997; Vescio & Biernat, 1999). Because stereotypes explain social reality, they are relevant to a wide array of achievement domains.…”

Assessment of implicit bias and self-reported multicultural counseling competencies among counseling trainees

“…The Modern Racism Scale is one of the most commonly used measures of bias toward African Americans. Scores on the Modern Racism Scale are positively correlated with other subtle measures of bias toward African Americans (Saucier & Miller, 2003), negatively correlated to motivation to be non-prejudiced (Lowery et al, 2001;Plant & Devine, 1998), and has been used to predict divergent reactions to African Americans and Whites (Vescio & Biernat, 1999). The test-retest correlations for the scale were reported by the authors to be .93 (McConahay et al, 1981), and other studies have found test-retest correlations ranging from .76 to .86 (Cunningham et al, 2001).…”