Where Did All the White Criminals Go?: Reconfiguring Race and Crime on the Road to Mass Incarceration

Muhammad, Khalil Gibran

doi:10.1080/10999949.2011.551478

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…However explicit the racial violence was in southern states, carceral regimes were systematically cultivated and (financially) supported in the north. Presumed Criminal enters into conversation with the works of Muhammad (2011)–among others–to show how anti-blackness proliferated through both discourses and policies of criminalization in ways that complicate the view that the northeast (or New York City) was some racially progressive bastion for liberal values. Suddler’s work illuminates what those liberal values actually looked like in postwar New York.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Presumed criminal: Black youth and the justice system in postwar New York

León

2020

Race and Justice

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The common law tradition and prescriptive philosophy of parens patriae is an underlying justification for juvenile justice systems in the United States. Under this framework, the sovereign is the "father figure" charged with caring for its subjects, which include accounting for poor, destitute, and otherwise guardianless children. These paternalistic values are found both within and beyond juvenile justice contexts. 1 Consistent with the early origins of institutional corrections in the United States, these rehabilitative and redemptionist frameworks were created by White people to account for the wayward or deviant souls of other White subjects. In Presumed Criminal: Black Youth and the Justice System in Postwar New York, Carl Suddler (2019) empirically documents how Black youth in New York City were never subject to an ethos of care or rehabilitation that ostensibly dominated the foundational purpose of juvenile justice institutions. Instead, "black youths faced a more punitive justice system by the postwar era that restricted their social mobility and categorically branded them as criminal-a stigma they continue to endure" (p. 5). The text contributes to carceral studies by showing how Black youth were historically criminalized in Harlem and how the events in New York City can help us understand unresolved conflicts and contradictions in race, criminalization, and justice policy.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Presumed criminal: Black youth and the justice system in postwar New York

León

2020

Race and Justice

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“…Black individuals, particularly Black men, are more likely than other demographic groups to be ‘assumed criminal’ by society at large, regardless of actual criminal background (Muhammad, ; Oliver, ). As stated by Burgess et al, ‘physicians' fears of potential diversion of narcotics, in which patients are characterized as potential criminals, may help trigger the stereotype of “black drug dealer” or “black criminal” in encounters with African American patients, because those stereotypes are prevalent in the larger society’ (2008, p. 1853).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixed studies review of factors influencing receipt of pain treatment by injured black patients

Aronowitz

McDonald

Stevens

et al. 2019

Journal of Advanced Nursing

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Aim:To explore the factors that influence provider pain treatment decision-making and the receipt of pain management by injured Black patients in the United States. Design:We completed a systematic mixed studies review using a results-based convergent synthesis design. Data Sources:PubMed, SCOPUS and CINAHL were searched for articles published between 2007-2017 using the search terms 'African American', 'Black American', 'race', 'pain treatment', 'pain management' and 'analgesia'. Twenty studies were included in this review. Results:The results indicate that healthcare provider characteristics, racial myths about pain sensitization and assumed criminality all impact provider treatment decision-making and the receipt of pain treatment by injured Black patients. Impact:This review addresses racial disparities in pain management by focusing on the factors that impact the receipt of pain treatment by injured Black patients. The findings will have an impact on providers who prescribe pain treatment and on the patients they treat. These findings suggest that assumed criminality of certain patients can negatively impact care, which is a type of bias not frequently explored or discussed in health disparities research. This review will help inform further research in healthcare disparities and prompt providers to examine their assumptions about the patients for whom they care. Conclusion:These results provide important areas for further study, including how assumed criminality of certain patients can have a negative impact on care. K E Y W O R D SAfrican Americans, bias, Black Americans, Decision-making, injuries, nurse, opioids, pain, pain management, results-based convergent synthesis, stereotyping, systematic mixed studies review | 35 ARONOWITZ eT Al.

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“…Given the largely white demographic of Lincoln County, it would seem that the very concept of the justice campus—as a benevolent carceral institution whose mission was the reformation, redemption, and reintegration of its inhabitants into the community—was predicated on a largely white jail(able) population and guided by the ‘invisible hand of racial nepotism that sets the limits of cruel and unusual punishment for white Americans’ (Muhammad, 2011: 77).…”

Section: Carceral Habitusmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘A lockdown facility … with the feel of a small, private college’: Liberal politics, jail expansion, and the carceral habitus

Schept

2013

Theoretical Criminology

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While scholarship has identified neoliberalism, punitive and racialized public policy, and a supportive culture of punishment as giving rise to mass incarceration in the United States, little work has examined how communities come to participate in the production of the carceral state. Using an ethnographic case study of a proposed 'justice campus', a carceral expansion project in a politically progressive Midwestern city, this article illuminates the capacity of mass incarceration to structure individual and community dispositions and, in doing so, to imbue even oppositional politics. At the same time, communities may adopt, reformulate, and rearticulate the symbolic work and material manifestations of mass incarceration in order to fit specific political-cultural contexts. As such, this article argues that mass incarceration is both more forceful and more subject to diverse and context-specific formulations than has been previously argued. The corporal and discursive inscription of carcerality into individual and community bodies suggests the presence of a carceral habitus and offers one way to comprehend not only mass incarceration's pervasive presence, but also its hegemonic operations even among and through people and communities who purport to reject it.

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Where Did All the White Criminals Go?: Reconfiguring Race and Crime on the Road to Mass Incarceration

Cited by 19 publications

References 0 publications

Presumed criminal: Black youth and the justice system in postwar New York

Presumed criminal: Black youth and the justice system in postwar New York

Mixed studies review of factors influencing receipt of pain treatment by injured black patients

‘A lockdown facility … with the feel of a small, private college’: Liberal politics, jail expansion, and the carceral habitus

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