Where did the largest diamonds grow? The experiments on percolation of Fe-Ni melt through olivine matrix in the presence of hydrocarbons

Жимулев, Е. И.; Чепуров, А. А.; Сонин, В. М.

doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2021.106437

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…are present as inclusions in diamond, along with silicate minerals and oxides (Smith et al 2016b(Smith et al , 2017Nestola 2017). Taking into the account that Fe-Ni-C-S, Fe-Co-C-S and Fe-C-S systems have been experimentally established as a diamond-generating media (Chepurov et al 2021;Zhimulev et al 2016), the recent discoveries had led to the conclusion that diamonds crystallized in the deep Earth within pockets lled with metal-sul de melts. A detailed study of inclusions in type IIb nitrogen-poor diamonds from the Cullinan Mine (South Africa) con rmed the presence of hydrous uids together with methane, graphite, metallic alloys, sul des and oxides (Daver et al 2022).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Serpentine decomposition in the presence of graphite and metallic iron at P-T conditions of the Earth’s upper mantle

Chepurov,

Zhimulev,

Sonin

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Serpentinized peridotite is an important part of subducting oceanic crust. Despite its small amount in the oceanic lithosphere (about 10%), serpentine is believed to be the main source of water containing about 13 wt.% OH-groups. There has been recently developing a hypothesis that subduction of crustal material is linked with formation of diamond including its super-deep variety named CLIPPIR (Cullinan-like large, inclusion-poor, relatively pure, irregularly shaped and resorbed). The present paper is focused on experimental crystallization of silicate and oxide minerals during serpentine decomposition in the presence of elemental carbon and metallic iron at high pressure and high temperature. The experiments were carried out using a multiple-anvil split-sphere type high pressure apparatus (BARS) at pressures 4–5.5 GPa and temperatures of 1350–1450°C. The following main phases were identified after experiments in the serpentine–graphite–iron system: olivine, orthopyroxene, garnet, chromite, metallic iron, iron carbide, graphite. Olivine is a predominant silicate mineral while metallic iron and solid solution of carbon in iron (γ–phase) are abundant in the samples as well. The processes of mineral transformation in the experiment occurred in the presence of fluid of complex composition. In contrast to the oxidizing systems which mainly contain CO2, CO and H2O, the present experiment also contained a hydrocarbon-rich fluid. Our experimental modelling of interaction between the oxidizing and reducing components of the fluid demonstrated a nonequilibrium state with significant heterogeneity in fO2: in short-time runs iron content of olivine varied widely, but longer experiments showed less variations (14.1–18.3 wt.% FeO). It is suggested that iron content of olivine can be considered as an indicator of redox changes in the medium. The excess of metallic iron induces equilibrium which is characterized by formation of minerals corresponding to the reducing conditions. Our results confirmed that Mg-rich olivine and Mg-rich orthopyroxene can form in silicate rock if metallic iron is involved. In such conditions crustal carbon captured by subducting plate can recrystallize in the form of diamond with inclusions of metal–sulfide–silicate composition.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…High-pressure cell made of ZrO 2 , CaO, MgO refractory oxides with a cylindrical graphite heater was used. The experimental methodology is given in detail in (Chepurov et al 2012(Chepurov et al , 2021Zhimulev et al 2016). The samples were insulated from the heater by MgO tube.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serpentine decomposition in the presence of graphite and metallic iron at P-T conditions of the Earth’s upper mantle

Chepurov,

Zhimulev,

Sonin

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…The details of the experimental procedure are described in earlier work. 30,31 The reaction volume of the HPC was assembled as a layered configuration schematically shown in Fig. 1.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of diamond from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (anthracene) in the presence of an Fe,Ni-melt at 5.5 GPa and 1450 °C

Sonin,

Zhimulev,

Chepurov

et al. 2024

CrystEngComm

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When quenching the sample by disconnecting the heater power supply, the cooling rate of the samples was 2-3 s until reaching the metal solidification temperature; then the temperature reached 100-200 °C within a few seconds due to effective water cooling of the internal block of the hard-alloy punches of the device. The data on assembling a high-pressure cell and the procedures for conducting experiments are described in more detail in [43,45]. The compositions of gas and crystal phases in the fluid inclusions in the newly formed olivines were studied using a scanning electron microscope and by the methods of Raman spectroscopy and pyrolysis-free gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Solid Hydrocarbon on the Composition of Fluid Phase at the Subduction (Experimental Simulation)

et al. 2023

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Experiments conducted in the olivine–serpentine–anthracene–metal (FeNi) system have shown that the recrystallization of olivines occurs under substantially reduced conditions with active participation of hydrocarbons, especially paraffins; moreover, their amount increases with increasing pressure and temperature. During the decomposition of serpentine, a large amount of water is released; therefore, the fluid at relatively low P-T parameters (2 GPa, 1100 °C) has mainly water–hydrocarbon composition. With an increase in pressure up to 3–4.5 GPa and temperature up to 1300–1400 °C, the composition of the fluid changes greatly towards an increase in the relative amount of hydrocarbons, while the main share is occupied by light (С1-С4) aliphatic hydrocarbons. Therefore, a biogenic material with a carbon–hydrogen composition can make a certain contribution to the carbon budget in subduction processes when falling into the subduction zones and may affect the oxygen fugitivity in the subducted slab.

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Where did the largest diamonds grow? The experiments on percolation of Fe-Ni melt through olivine matrix in the presence of hydrocarbons

Cited by 12 publications

References 65 publications

Serpentine decomposition in the presence of graphite and metallic iron at P-T conditions of the Earth’s upper mantle

Serpentine decomposition in the presence of graphite and metallic iron at P-T conditions of the Earth’s upper mantle

Synthesis of diamond from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (anthracene) in the presence of an Fe,Ni-melt at 5.5 GPa and 1450 °C

Impact of Solid Hydrocarbon on the Composition of Fluid Phase at the Subduction (Experimental Simulation)

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