Where do people live longer and shorter lives? An ecological study of old-age survival across 4404 small areas from 18 European countries

Ribeiro, Ana Isabel; Krainski, Elias Teixeira; Carvalho, Marília Sá; Pina, Maria de Fátima de

doi:10.1136/jech-2015-206827

Cited by 21 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…In a previous study assessing spatial differentials in survival across Europe (Portugal inclusive) we found a nearly 2-fold difference between old-age survival rates in Portugal (Ribeiro et al, 2016). Within Porto differentials were even wider (2.5-to 2.8-fold difference), which is consistent with the literature on this topic.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Therefore, we had to derive a measure of old-age survival ( = r i y n i i ) that expresses the probability of people aged 75-84 years surviving for an additional ten years, i.e., surpassing the average life expectancy (Ribeiro et al, 2016). Where r i is a ten-year survival rate, i ¼1,…,109 denotes area, the variable y represents the population aged 85-94 years old in 2011 and n the population aged 75-84 years old ten years before, in 2001.…”

Section: Outcomementioning

confidence: 99%

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The influence of socioeconomic, biogeophysical and built environment on old-age survival in a Southern European city

et al. 2016

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Old-age survival is a good indicator of population health and regional development. We evaluated the spatial distribution of old-age survival across Porto neighbourhoods and its relation with physical (biogeophysical and built) and socioeconomic factors (deprivation). Smoothed survival rates and odds ratio (OR) were estimated using Bayesian spatial models. There were important geographical differentials in the chances of survival after 75 years of age. Socioeconomic deprivation strongly impacted old-age survival (Men: least deprived areas OR=1.31(1.05-1.63); Women OR=1.53(1.24-1.89)), explaining over 40% of the spatial variance. Walkability and biogeophysical environment were unrelated to old-age survival and also unrelated to socioeconomic deprivation, being fairly evenly distributed through the city.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Outcomementioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of socioeconomic, biogeophysical and built environment on old-age survival in a Southern European city

et al. 2016

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“…One ecological study in 18 European countries showed that urbanization of poverty and the rise in unhealthy lifestyles produced drastic effects on life expectancy of elderly adults, due to non-communicable chronic diseases [25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Communicable Chronic Diseases and Structural Indicators in an Epidemiological Transition Country

Romero-Sandoval¹,

Canelos²,

Sánchez-Pérez³

et al. 2020

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Objective: To determine associations between standardized prevalence ratios of Metabolic Syndrome (MS), High Blood Pressure (HBP), and Obesity (O) with structural factors in ecuadorian population aged 20 to 59. Methods: An ecological study was conducted through data from the Ecuador's National Health and Nutrition Survey 2013-2014, and National Census. Standardized prevalence ratio (SPR) variability was analyzed with Poisson multiple regression models (adjusted Relative Risk). Results: The SPR variability for the three diseases was associated with non-affiliation to social security, and inversely related to lower urbanization. HBP and O were associated with functional illiteracy and higher rates of primary care physicians/1000 inhabitants. HBP and MS were related to poor housing. Conclusions: Policies of non-communicable chronic diseases control in ecological transition countries need to take structural variations into account.

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“…One needs to wonder when the environment affects survival, as environmental effects might differ by age. Sardinia is, for example, known for its high share of centenarians (Poulain, Herm, & Pes, 2013), but is not known for its low mortality rates between ages 85 and 94 in comparison to other regions in Europe (Ribeiro et al, 2016). Studying whether longevity clustering increases or decreases over the life course helps to pinpoint which causes of mortality are suppressed, which in turn can give important insight into the mechanisms underlying geographic clustering of longevity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographic clustering of longevity in a Dutch province, 1812-1962: How stable, behavior-associated environmental characteristics explain the local clustering of longevity

Mourits¹,

Janssens²

2019

Preprint

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There are places that bring forth unexpectedly large numbers of long-lived individuals. In this study, we explore which factors affect geographic clustering of longevity and indicate whether survival advantages occur early in life, later in life, or over the entire lifespan. 150 years of mortality data are used to reconstruct the lifespans of the 1812-1862 Zeeland cohort, resulting in a sample of 176,577 individuals from 101 municipalities. We found evidence of longevity clustering for women. Geographic patterns in longevity were similar for men, but not statistically significant. For both sexes, the environment affects individuals over the entire life course and not in early or later life only. Clustering of longevity was associated with agricultural practices, demographic pressure, and poverty, whereas the religious denomination or population density of a municipality had no effect on individual chances to become long-lived. Our findings underline the importance of the living environment for individual chances to become long-lived. Moreover, it shows that geographic clustering of longevity in Zeeland were explained by an interaction between human behavior and the environment that affected individual survival chances over the entire lifespan.

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Where do people live longer and shorter lives? An ecological study of old-age survival across 4404 small areas from 18 European countries

Abstract: Clear and persistent spatial inequalities in old-age survival exist, suggesting that European social unity is still to be accomplished. These inequalities could arise from a myriad of population health determinants (eg, poverty, unhealthy lifestyles), which merit further study.

Cited by 21 publications

References 41 publications

The influence of socioeconomic, biogeophysical and built environment on old-age survival in a Southern European city

The influence of socioeconomic, biogeophysical and built environment on old-age survival in a Southern European city

Non-Communicable Chronic Diseases and Structural Indicators in an Epidemiological Transition Country

Geographic clustering of longevity in a Dutch province, 1812-1962: How stable, behavior-associated environmental characteristics explain the local clustering of longevity

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